Intro Flashcards

1
Q

How did Lado’s (1961) model of language proficiency defines language?

A

As a system of communication.

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2
Q

What is comprise in the system of communication that is language?

A
  1. Phonemes
  2. Morphemes
  3. Phrases
  4. Clauses
  5. Sentences
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3
Q

How what are the two linguistic categories defined by Chomsky (1965)?

A
  1. Linguistic competence

2. Linguistic performance

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4
Q

How is define the linguistic competence?

A

Tacit knowledge of language structure, unconscious, counting for language creativity

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5
Q

How is define the linguistic performance?

A

Processes of encoding and decoding

Actual use of language in concrete situations

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6
Q

What is Hymes (1972) perspective on language?

A

Language could be use to perform social functions.

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7
Q

On what should be put the emphasis according to Hymes (1972)?

A

On non-linguistic elements.

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8
Q

According to Hymes, what are the competence of language knowledge?

A
  1. Competence for grammar

2. Competence for use (Feasibility and appropriateness)

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9
Q

What is performance according to Hymes ?

A

It is the actual use of language judged by its acceptability in the context of use.

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10
Q

What are the three concepts proposed by Canal and Swain (1980)?

A
  1. Grammatical Competence
  2. Sociolinguistic Knowledge
  3. Strategic Competence
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11
Q

What is Grammatical Competence?

A

Grammar, lexis, morphology, syntax, semantics, phonology

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12
Q

What is Sociolinguistic Knowledge?

A

Rule of use and discourse

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13
Q

What is Strategic Competence?

A

The ability to bridge the linguistic gasps

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14
Q

What are the three concept proposed by Canale (1984)?

A
  1. Knowledge and skill

2. Actual Communication

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15
Q

What is Knowledge and Skill?

A

It regroups Grammatical Competence, Sociolinguistic Knowledge, Strategic Competence and Discourse Competence.

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16
Q

What is Discourse Competence?

A

Textual features: Textual organization, genres, cohesion, coherence

17
Q

What is Actual Communication?

A

Instance of language use: Performance

Realization of the knowledge under psychological and environmental conditions

18
Q

What are the three main concepts proposed by Bachman (1990) ?

A
  1. Language Competence
  2. Knowledge of the world
  3. Strategic Competence
19
Q

What is are the main subpoena of the Language Competence?

A
  1. Organizational Competence

2. Pragmatic Competence

20
Q

What compose the organizational competence?

A
  1. Grammatical Competence

2. Textual Competence

21
Q

What compose the Pragmatic Competence?

A
  1. Illocutionary Competence

2. Sociolinguistic Competence

22
Q

What compose the Knowledge of the world?

A

Cultural and Personal Knowledge

23
Q

What compose the Strategic competence?

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Planning
  3. Execution
24
Q

What are the four concepts proposed by Celcia et al. (1995) ?

A
  1. Linguistic Competence
  2. Sociocultural Competence
  3. Actional Competence
  4. Strategic Competence
25
What define the Actional Competence?
Ability to comprehend and produce all significant speech acts and speech acts sets.
26
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27
What composes Bashman & Palmer's (2010) Framework of Language Ability?
1. Language Knowledge 2. Strategic Competence 3. Topical Knowledge 4. Personal Attributes 5. Affective Schemata