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Chem Lec Prelims > PPT 1 > Flashcards

PPT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems

A

Physical chemistry

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2
Q

The study of chemicals containing carbon with hydrogen

A

Organic chemistry

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3
Q

The study of chemicals that do not, in general, contain carbon

A

Inorganic chemistry

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4
Q

The study of the composition of matter

A

Analytical chemistry

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5
Q

The study of chemical processes that occur in living things

A

Biochemistry

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6
Q

The study of chemical processes occurring in the environment

A

Environmental chemistry

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7
Q
  • The study of polymers, which are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers
  • Plastics, fibers, rubbers, adhesives, and biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins
A

Polymer chemistry

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8
Q
  • Branch of chemistry that focuses on the unique properties and behavior of materials at the nanoscale
  • 1 to 100 nanometers
A

Nanochemistry

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9
Q
  • Chemistry, as a science, is a ___ of a natural phenomenon
  • Chemical information is based on ___ and ___
  • Chemical knowledge is ___
  • Chemical knowledge is ___
A
  • Description
  • Theories and laws
  • Tentative
  • Abstract
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10
Q
  • The quantity of material (traditional definition)
  • Measure of an object’s ability to resist changes in its motion (new definition)
  • The resistance to acceleration
A

Mass

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11
Q

Three-dimensional space occupied by anything with mass, or is enclosed by a surface; has a definite boundary

A

Volume

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12
Q

Pure Substances

A pure substance consisting of atoms with the same atomic number

A

Elemental substance

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13
Q

Pure Substances

Two elements bound by a single strong
chemical bond

A

Binary compound substance

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14
Q

Pure Substances

Elements bound by several chemical bonds of various polarity

A

Polyelemental compound

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15
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

Three-dimensional network of covalent bonds, forming a continuous structure throughout the material

A

Network covalent material

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16
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

Has the ability to conduct electricity, exhibit luster, and typically have high thermal conductivity

A

Metallic element

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17
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

A homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, with enhanced properties compared to its individual components

A

Alloy

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18
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

Substances composed of discrete molecules; molecules interact via IFAs

A

Molecular substance

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19
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

A chemical compound composed of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) held together by ionic bonds

A

Simple ionic salt

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20
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

___ salts have discrete molecular ions, while ___ salts involve coordination compounds with a central metal ion or atom and surrounding ligands

A

Molecular and complex salt

21
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

Long-chain molecules consisting of identical monomers (homopolymers) or different, but repeating monomers (heteropolymers)

22
Q

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid substance with a specific chemical composition and an ordered atomic arrangement

23
Q

Transient Entities

Are charged particles formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

A

Atomic ions

24
Q

Transient Entities

Highly reactive and unstable molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons

A

Free radicals

25
Q

Transient Entities

Atoms, ions, or molecules that have absorbed energy and moved to a higher energy level than their ground state

A

Excited state species

26
Q

They accept electrons

A

Non-metals

27
Q

They lose electrons

28
Q

Pure Chemical Substances

Mixtures in which particles are mixed but NOT dissolved; particles are ALWAYS suspended

A

Colloidal Suspension/ Colloid

29
Q

Physical vs. Chemical property

Properties which show by itself, without changing into or interacting with another substance; perceived by the senses

A

Physical properties

30
Q

Properties which show as it changes into or interacts with other substances

A

Chemical properties

31
Q
  • Unaffected by the amount of matter present in any sample
  • Determined by the amount of substance present
  • Eg. density, temperature, color
A

Intensive properties of matter

32
Q
  • Are affected by the amount of matter contained in a given sample
  • Eg. mass, volume, total energy
A

Extensive properties of matter

33
Q

Two factors that affect the state of a substance

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Pressure
34
Q

Inventor of barometer (measures atm pressure)

A

Evangelista Torricelli

35
Q

Sea level atmospheric pressure

36
Q

Atm pressure decreases as altitute ___

37
Q

An electrically conducting medium in which there are roughly
equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles, produced when the atoms in a gas become ionized

38
Q

An atom in near absolute zero when exposed to heat will undergo an identity crisis

A

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)

39
Q

1 Kelvin to Celcius

A

273.15 °C

40
Q
  • The smallest discrete unit of a phenomenon
  • “An amount” “how much?”
41
Q
  • Heat is absorbed by reactants to form products
  • Uphill
A

Endothermic reactions

42
Q

Heat is released

A
  • Exothermic reactions
  • Downhill
43
Q

Formula for total energy of an object

A

Potential energy + kinetic energy

44
Q

Highly ordered to less ordered state

A

Endothermic

45
Q

Less ordered to more ordered state

A

Exothermic

46
Q

3 types of pure substances

A
  1. Elemental substance
  2. Binary compound substance
  3. Polyelemental compound
47
Q

9 types of pure chemical substance

A
  1. Network covalent material
  2. Metallic element
  3. Alloy
  4. Molecular substance
  5. Simple ionic salt
  6. Molecular and complex salt
  7. Polymer
  8. Glass
  9. Mineral
48
Q

4 transient entities

A
  1. Atomic ions
  2. Molecular and complex ions
  3. Free radicals
  4. Excited state species

Chem Lec Prelims (8 decks)

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