PPT 1 Flashcards
Benign
Tumors that grow locally without invading adjacent tissue
Malignant
Tumors that invade nearby tissues
Epithelia
Sheets of cells that line the walls of cavities and channels or cover the body
Basement membrane
made of extracellulair membrane (ECM) and separates the epithelial cells from underlying cells
Carcinomas
Kanker die ontstaat uit epitheel cellen
Voorbeelden epitheel cellen
Gastrointestinal tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines), skin, mammary gland, pancreas, lung, liver, ovary, uterus, prostate, gallbladder, and urinary bladder
2 typen epithelial-origin cancers
- Squamous cell carcinomas: Cells forming a protective layers in the epithelium
- Adenocarcinomas: specialized cells that secrete substances into the ducts or cavities (klierkanker) (Borst, darm, long, prostaat, maag, alvleesklier, baarmoeder, slokdarm)
Sarcomas
Kanker die niet van epithele oorsprong komt
(o fibroblasts and related collagen-secreting cells , adipocytes (store fat in their cytoplasm), osteoblasts, (form bone), myocytes (form muscle))
Hematopeotic cancer
blood forming
erythrocytes, T, B, lymphocytes
leukemia
Nervous system cancer
gliomas, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, schwannomas and medulloblastomas
Transdiffertiation
cell moves from one differentiation lineage, or fenotype, to another
(wisselt “functie/soort”)
Teratomas
arise form germ cell (egg/sperm) precursors that persist at inappropriate sires in the developing fetus, retaining the ability to generate most tissues. The cells in different sectors of common teratomas create adult-like tissues
Dedifferentiation
a cellular process by which cells grow in reverse, from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage within their own lineage
Anaplastic
no longer possible to identify the tissues from which they have arisen
Hyperplastic growth
excessive numbers of cells, which nevertheless retain the ability to assemble into tissues that appear reasonably normal
Metaplastic growth
normally present tissue is replaced by cells from a nearby tissue
Dysplasia
Variability in nuclear size and shape, increased nuclear staining, increased ratio of nuclear versus cytoplasmic size, increased mitotic activity, lack of normal cytoplasmic features
Neoplasm
invasion into the underlying tissues
Barret’s esophagus
the squamous cells are replaced by secretory cells from the stomach lining. This is an early step in the development of esophageal adenocarcinomas (30 x increased risk of developing these tumors).
Adenomas, polyps, papillomas and skin warts are considered to be …
Benign
Tumors are monoclonal / multiclonal
Monoclonal
Warburg effect
Kanker cel heeft andere energie metabolisme
Gyloclyse -> pyruvaat -> lactate
Gebeurt zelfs wanneer O2 toch aanwezig is
- intermediates generated during glycolysis can be used in biosynthesis,
Kanker afhankelijk van
Random, Heredity, Environment
