PPT 1

Question 1

Benign

Answer 1

Tumors that grow locally without invading adjacent tissue

Question 2

Malignant

Answer 2

Tumors that invade nearby tissues

Question 3

Epithelia

Answer 3

Sheets of cells that line the walls of cavities and channels or cover the body

Question 4

Basement membrane

Answer 4

made of extracellulair membrane (ECM) and separates the epithelial cells from underlying cells

Question 5

Carcinomas

Answer 5

Kanker die ontstaat uit epitheel cellen

Question 6

Voorbeelden epitheel cellen

Answer 6

Gastrointestinal tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines), skin, mammary gland, pancreas, lung, liver, ovary, uterus, prostate, gallbladder, and urinary bladder

Question 7

2 typen epithelial-origin cancers

Answer 7

1. Squamous cell carcinomas: Cells forming a protective layers in the epithelium
2. Adenocarcinomas: specialized cells that secrete substances into the ducts or cavities (klierkanker) (Borst, darm, long, prostaat, maag, alvleesklier, baarmoeder, slokdarm)

Question 8

Sarcomas

Answer 8

Kanker die niet van epithele oorsprong komt
(o fibroblasts and related collagen-secreting cells , adipocytes (store fat in their cytoplasm), osteoblasts, (form bone), myocytes (form muscle))

Question 9

Hematopeotic cancer

Answer 9

blood forming
erythrocytes, T, B, lymphocytes
leukemia

Question 10

Nervous system cancer

Answer 10

gliomas, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, schwannomas and medulloblastomas

Question 11

Transdiffertiation

Answer 11

cell moves from one differentiation lineage, or fenotype, to another

(wisselt “functie/soort”)

Question 12

Teratomas

Answer 12

arise form germ cell (egg/sperm) precursors that persist at inappropriate sires in the developing fetus, retaining the ability to generate most tissues. The cells in different sectors of common teratomas create adult-like tissues

Question 13

Dedifferentiation

Answer 13

a cellular process by which cells grow in reverse, from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage within their own lineage

Question 14

Anaplastic

Answer 14

no longer possible to identify the tissues from which they have arisen

Question 15

Hyperplastic growth

Answer 15

excessive numbers of cells, which nevertheless retain the ability to assemble into tissues that appear reasonably normal

Question 16

Metaplastic growth

Answer 16

normally present tissue is replaced by cells from a nearby tissue

Question 17

Dysplasia

Answer 17

Variability in nuclear size and shape, increased nuclear staining, increased ratio of nuclear versus cytoplasmic size, increased mitotic activity, lack of normal cytoplasmic features

Question 18

Neoplasm

Answer 18

invasion into the underlying tissues

Question 19

Barret’s esophagus

Answer 19

the squamous cells are replaced by secretory cells from the stomach lining. This is an early step in the development of esophageal adenocarcinomas (30 x increased risk of developing these tumors).

Question 20

Adenomas, polyps, papillomas and skin warts are considered to be …

Answer 20

Benign

Question 21

Tumors are monoclonal / multiclonal

Answer 21

Monoclonal

Question 22

Warburg effect

Answer 22

Kanker cel heeft andere energie metabolisme

Gyloclyse -> pyruvaat -> lactate
Gebeurt zelfs wanneer O2 toch aanwezig is
- intermediates generated during glycolysis can be used in biosynthesis,

Question 23

Kanker afhankelijk van

Answer 23

Random, Heredity, Environment