PPP flashcards

0
Q

What was encouraged by the ordinance of 1785?

A

The grid system

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1
Q

Civic spaces around a pinwheel arrangement of streets

A

Turbine square

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2
Q

Development pattern: simplest, growth follows the grid pattern

A

Expanding grid

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3
Q

Development pattern: revolves around the urban core

A

Star pattern

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4
Q

Development pattern: no central focus or apparent overall organization

A

Field pattern

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5
Q

Development pattern: central urban core with other major cores surrounding. Outer cores connected with beltway

A

Satellite pattern

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6
Q

Development pattern: two or more major urban centers near each other grow together

A

Megalopolis

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7
Q

Spaces that tend to bring people together

A

Sociopetal

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8
Q

Spaces that tend to discourage interaction or social contact

A

Sociofugal

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9
Q

Crime prevention through environmental design

A

Defensible space

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10
Q

Small area in which a number of people live who share similar needs and desires in housing, social activity and other day to day living

A

Neighborhood

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11
Q
Slope 
0% - 4%
4% - 10%
Over 10%
Over 25%
A

0% - 4% usable for all types
4% - 10% informal movement
Over 10% difficult and expensive to build on
Over 25% very steep subject to erosion

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12
Q

Study determines how existing buildings, streets, and public spaces contribute to the neighborhood image

A

Imageability

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13
Q

The original concept of the neighborhood by

A

Clarence Perry

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14
Q

The time rate of flow of heat through a material

A

Conductivity
High = heat pass quickly
Low = retard heat passage
Natural materials are low

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15
Q

Ground surface with low albedo and high conductivity tends to

A

Moderate and stabilize the microclimate

Excess heat is absorbed quickly and released when the temperature drops

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16
Q

The study of living organisms in relation to their environment

A

Ecology

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17
Q

Formal process to predict how a development will affect the environment, including the air, water, land, and wildlife

A

National environmental policy act of 1969

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18
Q

An area whose soil is inundated or saturated by surface water or ground water frequently enough that it can support plants that are adapted to living in saturated soil

A

Wetland
Jurisdictional wetland

Protected by government through clean water act of 1972

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19
Q

Imaginary inclined plane beginning at the lot line or the center of the street and sloping at a prescribed angle toward and over the lot. Building cannot extend into this plane

A

Bulk plane restriction

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20
Q

Allows a nonconforming use or other use in the zoning ordinance if the property owner meets certain restrictions

A

Conditional use permit

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21
Q

Deeds to property can contain provisions that restrict the use of the property by the buyer. Most often used in a residential subdivision

A

Restrictive covenants

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22
Q

Evaluates the environmental impacts from initial raw material extraction to final recycling, reuse or disposal of a material

A

Life-cycle assessment (LCA)

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23
Q

A tax based on the value of property being taxed

A

Ad valorem tax

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24
Q

A method cities use to issue bonds to pay for improvements within a specified district that are intended to stimulate private development within the district

A

Tax increment financing

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25
Q

Generally used to fund infrastructure improvements made necessary by new development

A

Developer impact fees

26
Q

Used to fund public space improvements. Taxes are assessed on those property owners in the district who would benefit from the improvements

A

Business improvement districts

27
Q

For a new client wanting a speculative type of building which compensation method is best?

A

Multiple of direct personnel expense - includes the salaries of people working on the job and their required benefits, plus overhead and profit.

Time-based method of compensation

28
Q

AIA document that states consultants are responsible for code compliance regarding their areas of the work

A

AIA document C401

29
Q

AIA document that grants the owner a nonexclusive license to the instruments of service for the purpose of constructing the project. Owner may reproduce documents to facilitate construction

A

AIA document B101

If architect is in default the owner receives nonexclusive right to copy

30
Q
AIA documents 
A-series 
B-series
C-series
D-series
E-series
F-series
G-series
A
AIA documents 
A-series owner/general contractor
B-series owner / architect
C-series consultants, joint ventures
D-series misc. docs 
E-series exhibits
F-series reserved for future use
G-series contract admin. Project management firms
31
Q

Party responsible for determining the time limits for construction

A

The owner

AIA document A201

32
Q

The legal technique whereby an insurer “steps into the shoes” of a party to whom it has made payment

A

Subrogation

33
Q

The cost to pay off the construction loan for a project and is generally considered an ongoing cost over many years

A

Debt service

34
Q

Contractor’s overhead and profit typically amount to what percentage of the construction cost ?

A

15% - 40%

35
Q

Used for the purchase of land that a developer intends to subdivide and resell

A

Blanket loan

36
Q

Short-term loan used to close quickly on a property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long term loan

A

Bridge loan

37
Q

Large loans with a variable interest rate that increase substantially near the time that the repayment is due

A

Mezzanine loans

38
Q

Requires developers to either dedicate some land for public use or contribute cash for the purchase of land and facilities

A

Subdivision exactions

39
Q

These fees are used to fund public space improvements, like parks and streetscapes, in order to enhance an area’s appeal and indirectly its property values

A

Special district assessments

40
Q

The legal ability of a developer to develop a parcel of land

A

Development rights

41
Q

A document that gives up a persons right to claim a lien against property

A

Lien waiver

42
Q

A discount factor that is used to convert an annual amount, which is changing year to year at a given escalation rate, to a time equivalent present value

A

Modified uniform present worth factor

43
Q

A minor or smaller tenant in a shopping center

A

Satellite tenant

44
Q

The illegal practice of charging exorbitant interest rates on a loan

A

Usury

45
Q

The establishment of common standards for rooms, spaces, and activities based on the measurement of similar facilities

A

Benchmarking

46
Q

Primary activities referred to as:

Secondary spaces referred to as:

A
Primary = net assignable area
Secondary = unassigned areas
47
Q

A contingency normally equates to what percentage ?

A

5% to 10%

48
Q

The costs of past projects of similar scope and function are used to estimate the cost of the new project

A

Project comparison method

Used when setting a budget or determining a projects feasibility

Accuracy = 15% to 25%

49
Q

Usually conducted when preliminary design is completed. An average cost per unit of area or volume may be used

A

Area or volume method

Accuracy = 5% to 15%

50
Q

Budgeting is based on major subsystems

A

Assembly or system method

Used during schematic design
Accuracy = within 10%

51
Q

Expanded itemization of construction quantities and assignment of unit costs to these quantities

Possible to evaluate the cost implications of each building component and to make decisions concerning both quantity and quality

A

Parameter method

Used during later stages of schematic and early stages of construction documents

52
Q

Contractors profit range

A

5% to 20%

53
Q

Four major parts of a project manual

A

Bidding requirements
Parts of the contract (owner/contractor agreement) and bond forms
General and supplementary conditions
Technical specifications

54
Q

Establishing cost of a fast-track project

Fixed-price method

A

Stipulated sum or lump sum
The contractor gives the owner a set price for completing the project

Owner knows final cost before construction begins

Owner does not share in cost savings

55
Q

Establishing cost of a fast-track project

Guaranteed maximum price

A

Owner has a fixed, maximum price that the contractor guarantees

Project completed for less than this amount, the client receives the cost savings

56
Q

Establishing cost of a fast-track project

Cost-plus-fee method

A

Owner pays the actual cost of construction plus a fee that is agreed to before construction begins

57
Q

Disadvantages (owner) of design-build delivery method

A

Owner does not have as much control over design
Disagreements concerning what is supposed to be included
Design-build firm has control over quality of materials and construction methods
Client must develop a specific set of performance requirements

58
Q

Advantages (owner) design-build delivery method

A

Single source of responsibility
Fixed price early
Total time of design and construction reduced

59
Q

Establishing cost of a fast-track project

Fixed-price method

A

Stipulated sum or lump sum
The contractor gives the owner a set price for completing the project

Owner knows final cost before construction begins

Owner does not share in cost savings

60
Q

Establishing cost of a fast-track project

Guaranteed maximum price

A

Owner has a fixed, maximum price that the contractor guarantees

Project completed for less than this amount, the client receives the cost savings

61
Q

Establishing cost of a fast-track project

Cost-plus-fee method

A

Owner pays the actual cost of construction plus a fee that is agreed to before construction begins

62
Q

Disadvantages (owner) of design-build delivery method

A

Owner does not have as much control over design
Disagreements concerning what is supposed to be included
Design-build firm has control over quality of materials and construction methods
Client must develop a specific set of performance requirements

63
Q

Advantages (owner) design-build delivery method

A

Single source of responsibility
Fixed price early
Total time of design and construction reduced