PPB Flashcards

Question

Immediate threat of serious bodily injury or death

Answer 1

Person has the present and apparent ABILITY, OPPORTUNITY, and INTENT Time, distance and shielding can remove these

Answer 2

Clear instructions, verbal persuasion, verbal & non-verbal, demonstrate respect, neutral & fair, one officer communicating, patience/as much time as needed

Answer 3

Slow down, don' create the situation

Answer 4

It's a seizure, injury, criminal or civil liability

Answer 5

Considering people's characteristics and conditions Children, elderly, pregnant, English proficiency, mental/behavioral conditions

Answer 6

Under the totality of the Circumstances, a reasonably effective alternative to the Use of physical force or deadly force does not appear to exist, and the type and amount of physical force or deadly force used is a reasonable and proportional response to affect the legal purpose or to protect against the threat posed to the officer or others.

Answer 7

All facts known to the officer leading up to, and at the time of, the use of force, and includes the actions of the officer

Answer 8

Shall be evaluated based on the Totality of the Circumstances known to the officer leading up to .... and at the time of, the Use of force, including immediacy of the threat, the actions of the person against whom force is used, the actions of the officer, and the seriousness of the law enforcement purpose ... determining whether Use of force is reasonable includes assessing whether the officer made tactical decisions to minimize unnecessary risks to themselves & others, "did appropriate de-escalation", prior to Use of force and exercised reasonable care

Answer 9

Corresponds to the immediacy and severity of the threat of resistance ... seriousness of the law enforcement objective ... threat or resistance may change

Answer 10

State & Federal law (Graham Factors), Agency Policy, training

Answer 11

Graham v Connor -Severity of the Crime -Whether suspect is an immediate threat to officer or others - Actively resisting or attempting to evade arrest

Answer 12

1.) Make a scene safe 2.) Render Aid -> citizens, officers, criminals 3.) Investigate

Answer 13

Safety / slow down Active listening Validate (emotions/experiences Empathy Redirect/Resources/Refer

Answer 14

Signs = external/visible/measurable Symptoms = internal, medical, personal

Answer 15

Line (one direction/ left to right/ large scenes) Grid (same as line but overlap/ E to W then N to S) Radius (Pie shaped/ center -> outward) Zone/Quadrant (Most common/ cars, houses, irregular areas)

Answer 16

An officer may briefly stop and detain and individual for investigation without a warrant if the officer reasonably suspects the person is engaged or about to be engaged in criminal conduct Can frisk for weapons if the reasonable believe safety to self or others is endangered 1.) Legit stop 2.) reasonable frisk factors 3.) Frisk limited to protective factors

Answer 17

1963 Cleveland -Officer safety -Frisks limited to outer clothing/removal of anything that may be a weapon -Cannot be for evidence

Answer 18

Stand alone (crime of violence, threat of violence, crime involving weapons, know/reported or likely to have weapons, prior history of being armed, dangerous, officer safety alert, physically uncooperative) Othe factors (officer is alone, isolated location, hours of darkness, subject demeanor, bulky clothing, weighted pockets, suspicious bulges, furtive movement, history of area, history w/ subject)

Answer 19

Protect 5th and 6th Amendment rights Required when questioning is initiated by LE during custody or when subject is deprived of freedoms or actions

Answer 20

(Supreme Court, 1966) Was not advised of his rights to an attorney being present Affirms statements from interrogation (custodial) require procedural safeguards to prevent self-incrimination

Answer 21

Terry detentions / PC w/out custody Non-accusatory questions, fact-finding questions, conversation, our of custody

Answer 22

Must be done so voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently NEED yes or no Confirm understanding of rights Obtain waiver of rights STOP questioning if at any point they say that they do not want to talk to you Giving, advice of rights and waiver of rights must be recorded in its entirety Must advise persons in custody they are being audio and visually recorded

Answer 23

Suspecting or targeting a person on the basis of observed characteristics or behaviors (falls short of RS and PC)

Answer 24

Police use legal justification in order to stop and contact a citizen for an unrelated, more serious offense (criminal act) for which the officer did not have the RS or PC to make the contact

Answer 25

State v Ladson 1999 - Gang task force, vehicle pre-text stop and frisk for drugs State v Mendez 1999 - Prohibits officers from ordering passengers to stay in the vehicle or leave - Must be an articulable officer/passenger/public/ safety reason for ordering the passenger to stay or leave

Answer 26

State v Ranking 2004 - Only driver is detained, you cannot ask the passenger to ID themselves

Answer 27

Primary (can) - Ex = speeding Secondary (cannot) - Ex = dangerously distracted driving

Answer 28

Order by a neutral/detached magistrate who has authority to issue the order directing LE to search personal property and bring the same person before the court. 3 Parts (Form, affidavit, inventory & return service form)

Answer 29

Search indecent to arrest, consent, exigent circumstances

Answer 30

Procedural advantage for prosecution (switches burden of proof), practical advantage in court (interpreted to be common sense and realistic)

Answer 31

1.) Issued by proper official 2.) crime specifically identified 3.) Issued upon PC 4.) Made under oath 5.) Place of search is particularly described 6.) Objects/persons seized particularly described 7.) Specify that a return be made to the court listing an inventory

Answer 32

court of jurisdiction, type of crime, description of items/places, seizure items, limited # of days for service, signature block

Answer 33

Intro (training and experiences), narrative (facts and circumstances), conclusion

Answer 34

Aguilar Spinelli Reliability and credibility

Answer 35

Listen, Explain, Equity, Dignity

Answer 36

Fairness in processes to resolve disputes 4 Pillars - Fair in process - Transparent in actions - Provide opportunity for voice - Impartial in decision making Goal in voluntary compliance and increase police legitimacy

Answer 37

Safety, story, start writing Safety (threat management, pace control, assess/stabilize) ... suspect armed? description of person or vehicle, direction of travel, medical attention? Story (prepared to interview, hands free, distance, eyes on person, demeanor)

Answer 38

Educate, Engineer, Enforcement

Answer 39

Intermediate license violations, sounds system unsecured, dangerously reckless driving

Answer 40

Reasonable amount of time (~ 20 minutes)

Answer 41

Does not need to stay when the passenger committed the violation

Answer 42

STOP Driver's license, proof of insurance, registration

Answer 43

registration

Answer 44

12 & under - parent has the final say 13-17 - ITA process can be discussed with the parent, but ultimate decision is made by LE

Answer 45

Danger to self, danger to others, danger to property, gravely disabled

Answer 46

Scene control (threat assessment/ make sure scene is safe) Start a dialogue (body language/active listening/open) Solution (incident resolution)

Answer 47

Open ended questions (conversation before information) Paraphrasing (repeating for clarification / avoid the triggers) Empathy/ Emotional labeling (feeling statements, don't assume, accuracy of experience) Next steps (resources, referral , choices, challenges)

Answer 48

Current plan (do you have a plan in mind, do you have access to those means, when are you planning to do this) Past behaviors (have you tried to kill yourself before) Resources (do you have a counselor, anyone you've shared this with before, what have you done before when you felt like this)