Pox Viruses Flashcards
1
Q
Chordopoxvirinae
A
- Affects vertebrates
- nine genera…
- Orthopoxvirus
- Parapoxvirus
- Capripoxvirus
- Suispoxvirus
- Avipoxvirus
2
Q
Pox viruses love…
A
Skin (epitheliotrophic)
3
Q
Two main viruses that shaped hx
A
- Flu
- Smallpox
- eradicated
- Mary Wortley Montagu => saw scab vaccination
- Edward Jenner => noticed milkmaids didn’t get dz (cowpox)
- Vaccinia was the vaccine that eradicated it
4
Q
Poxvirus Virion architecture
A
- Large dxDNA viruses
- Large enveloped complex
- Ovoid with regular spiral arrangement of tubules on outer membrane
- Brick-shaped virion, lateral bodies
- Can dx looking at EM
5
Q
A
Poxvirus virion architecture
6
Q
Poxvirus Disease Characteristics
Typical Gross & Microscopic lesions
A
- Epitheliotrophic => proliferative lesions
- hyperplasia, neoplasia
- Macule (depigmented), papule (raised), vesicle (fluid), pustule (infected fluid), crust
- Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Bollinger bodies)
7
Q
Poxvirus Disease Characteristics
Host Specificity & Pathogenesis
A
- Viruses of veterinary and medical importance
- Serious dz in immunocompromised
- Some genera with broad host range - zoonoses (ortho and parapoxviruses)
- Large viral genome contains genes for
- intracytoplasmic existence (enzymes) (don’t need the nucleus)
- Immune evasion genes
8
Q
Zoonotic Chordopoxviruses
Test question
A
Orthopoxvirus
Parapoxvirus
9
Q
Reportable chordopoxvirus
A
Capripoxvirus
10
Q
Orthopoxvirus
A
- Zoonotic
- Virus infections
- Cowpox virus
- naturally infected animals
- Numerous: man, cattle, cats, zoologic spp
- Host range in lab animals
- Broad
- Natural geographical range
- Europe
11
Q
Parapoxviruses
A
- Zoonotic
- Virus infections
- pseudocowpox virus
- bovine papular stomatitis virus
- Orf virus (contagious ecthyma)
12
Q
pseudocowpox virus
A
- natural hosts => cattle, humans
- lab animal host range => Narrow
- Geographical range => Worldwide
13
Q
bovine papular stomatitis virus
A
- natural hosts => cattle, humans
- lab animal host range => Narrow
- Geographical range => Worldwide
14
Q
Orf virus (contagious ecthyma)
A
- natural hosts => sheep, goat, humans
- lab animal host range => Narrow
- Geographical range => Worldwide
15
Q
Capripoxviruses
A
- Virus infections
- Sheeppox virus
- Goatpox virus
- Lumpyskin dz virus
16
Q
Sheeppox virus
A
- Animals naturally infected => sheep, goats
- Host range in lab animals => Narrow
- Geographic range => Africa, Asia
17
Q
Goatpox virus
A
- Naturally infected animals => Goats, sheep
- Host range in lab => Narrow
- Geographic range => Africa, Asia
18
Q
Lumpyskin dz virus
A
- Naturally infected animals => Cattle, buffalo
- Host range in lab animals => Narrow
- Geographical range => Africa
19
Q
Suispoxvirus
A
- Virus infections => Swinepox virus
- Animals naturally infected => Swine
- Host range in lab animals => Narrow
- Geographical range => Worldwide
20
Q
Leporipoxvirus
A
- Virus infection => Myxoma virus
- Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus)
- Animals naturally infected => Rabbit
- Host range in lab animals => Narrow
- Geographical range => Americas, Australia, Europe
21
Q
Avipoxvirus
A
- Virus infections => Fowlpox virus
- Animals naturally infected => Chickens, turkeys, birds
- Lab animal host range => Narrow
- Geographic range => Worldwide
22
Q
Cowpox
About
A
- Foreign animal dz => rare, seen only in Europe
- Human infection possible w/o cattle contact
- Reservoir is a rodent
- Domestic cats can be infected
23
Q
Cat infections with Cowpox virus
A
- Uncommon
- Transmission
- contact with subclinical bank voles
- CS
- fever
- skin lesions
- fatal in cheetahs
*human infection rare
24
Q
Cowpox Dx
A
- Rare case we use EM
- brick shaped
- parapoxes => spiral shaped
- Isolation in cell culture
- Isolation on chorioallantoic membrane of chick egg
- cyncitia => multi-nucleated cells
25
Q
Pseudocowpox virus
about
A
- Mild, recurrent, worldwide in dairy
- Associated with poor hygiene (no teat dipping)
- Proliferative teat lesion => horse shoe shaped
- Secondary bacterial mastitis occurs
- Spreads to calves during nursing
26
Q
A
Milkers nodule
Pseudocowpox virus
27
Q
Diagnosis of pseudocowpox
A
- EM => spiral shape
28
Q
Bovine Papular Stomatitis
about
Dx
A
- Common incidental infection in beef cattle worldwide
- Suckling calves or up to 1 year of age
- No tx necessary unless anorectic
- Dx => EM
29
Q
Orf
Contagious Ecthyma/
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis/
Sore mouth
A
- Distribution
- goat/sheep populations worldwide
- Clinical Findings
- common in 3-6 month old lambs
- can affect adults
- Lesions develop as papules => then pustules => then thick tenacious scabs
- Oral mucocutaneous junctions, commissures, muzzle, nostrils
30
Q
Orf: Clinical Dz
A
- Fissuring occurs and scabs painful
- Affected lambs anorectic
- Systemic invasion rare
- lesions common on ears, nose, cheeks, anus, vulva/prepuce
- Affected lambs may cuase spread to udders of ewes
31
Q
Orf transmission
A
- Spread in flock rapid
- contact
- infected scabs that persist in environment
- Virus very resistant in environment
- Recovered animals immune for several months
32
Q
Orf human dz
A
- Can be common
- Lesion is persistent and becomes a nodule => often itchy
- Localized with occasional lymphadeopathy
33
Q
Orf Diagnosis
A
- Pathopneumonic
- Rapid spread in young animals
- Scabs around commissures of mouth
- 90% morbidity/low mortality
- Lab confirmation => EM
34
Q
Sheeppox, Goatpox, Lumpy Skin Dz (LSD) of cattle
A
- Most important poxviruses of domestic animals
- economic loss and high mortality young animals
- morbidity in adults => loss of milk/meat
- Diseases expanding geographically
- notifiable foreign animal disease (OIE & USDA/APHIS)
35
Q
Capripoxviruses Transmission
A
- Respiratory, biting insects, scabs (months)
- Animals brought into enclosures at night
- Wild-life reservoir => african cape buffalo (LSP)
36
Q
Sheeppox Virus and Goatpox Virus
Etiology
Clinical Findings
A
- Etiology
- closely related by different species tropisms according to geography
- Clinical Findings
- Incubation period: 2-14 days
-
Malignant form more common: systemic
- Devastating in young
- mortality up to 50%
- skin lesions on unwooled skin, buccal, resp, digestive, urogenital mucosa
- lambs may die before lesions develop
- depression, prostration, high fever, ocular/nasal d/c
- Benign form
- common in adults
- only skin lesions => esily seen under tail
37
Q
Sheeppox Virus/Goatpox Virus
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control
A
- Pathogenesis
- replication in respiratory lymph nodes, viremia, secondary lesions in skin
- Diagnosis
- clnical signs are pathognomonic, virus isolation, ID by EM
- Treatment
- supportive
- Control
- prohibit importation, cull, isolate
- efficacy of vaccines challenged by new strains
38
Q
Lumpy Skin Dz
A
- Remember looks like BHV-2
- Similar to sheep and goatpox
- Spread extensively from SE Africa in 1970s
- Similar respiratory and skin lesions, generalized lymphadenopathy and edema
- almost 100% morbidity
- 1-2% mortality
39
Q
Swinepox
A
- Incidence/occurence => Worldwide
- Clinical Findings
- red papules appear in 4-5 days, become raised hard 1-3 cm in diameter
- Hard crusts develop and drop over 12-14 days
- typically benign dz, slight fever, mild reaction
- Swine louse involved in transmission
- lesions
- lower parts of body, belly, axillae, insides of thighs
40
Q
Swinepox
Transmission
Diagnosis
Control
A
- Transmission
- pig to pig not common
- louse on axilla
- Diagnosis
- not commonly done
- virus isolation
- EM
- Control
- elimination of lice
41
Q
Avipoxvirus about
A
- Affect poultry and wild birlds
- name refers to host
- virsuses different genomically, similar biologically
- Transmission mechanical by arthropods or scabs
42
Q
If you see bumblefoot think….
A
Parapox virus
43
Q
A
Fowl pox:
Lesions on comb, wattles, face
44
Q
A
- Fowlpox microscopic lesions: eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies)
- EM: large brick shaped particles
45
Q
Poxvirus conclusions
Test Question
A
- Ancient, successful virus infecting vertebrates and invertebrates
-
Conserved virion morphology
- large, enveloped complex virion (Brick vs. Ovoid)
- scabs persist in environment
-
Gross & microscopic lesions
- Epitheliotropic, inducing proliferative lesions
- Intracytoplasmic inclusions
-
Host specificity & pathogenesis
- self limiting to lethal
- Narrow to broad host specificity
- zoonotic potential of ortho and parapoxes
-
Diseases caused by Chordopoxviruses
- Orthopoxvira
- Parapoxvirae
- Capripoxvirae
- Suipoxvirae
- Avipoxvirae
