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Microbio-virology > Pox Viruses > Flashcards

Pox Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Chordopoxvirinae

A
  • Affects vertebrates
  • nine genera…
    • Orthopoxvirus
    • Parapoxvirus
    • Capripoxvirus
    • Suispoxvirus
    • Avipoxvirus
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2
Q

Pox viruses love…

A

Skin (epitheliotrophic)

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3
Q

Two main viruses that shaped hx

A
  • Flu
  • Smallpox
    • eradicated
    • Mary Wortley Montagu => saw scab vaccination
    • Edward Jenner => noticed milkmaids didn’t get dz (cowpox)
    • Vaccinia was the vaccine that eradicated it
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4
Q

Poxvirus Virion architecture

A
  • Large dxDNA viruses
  • Large enveloped complex
  • Ovoid with regular spiral arrangement of tubules on outer membrane
  • Brick-shaped virion, lateral bodies
  • Can dx looking at EM
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5
Q
A

Poxvirus virion architecture

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6
Q

Poxvirus Disease Characteristics

Typical Gross & Microscopic lesions

A
  • Epitheliotrophic => proliferative lesions
    • hyperplasia, neoplasia
    • Macule (depigmented), papule (raised), vesicle (fluid), pustule (infected fluid), crust
  • Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Bollinger bodies)
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7
Q

Poxvirus Disease Characteristics

Host Specificity & Pathogenesis

A
  • Viruses of veterinary and medical importance
  • Serious dz in immunocompromised
  • Some genera with broad host range - zoonoses (ortho and parapoxviruses)
  • Large viral genome contains genes for
    • intracytoplasmic existence (enzymes) (don’t need the nucleus)
    • Immune evasion genes
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8
Q

Zoonotic Chordopoxviruses

Test question

A

Orthopoxvirus

Parapoxvirus

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9
Q

Reportable chordopoxvirus

A

Capripoxvirus

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10
Q

Orthopoxvirus

A
  • Zoonotic
  • Virus infections
    • Cowpox virus
  • naturally infected animals
    • Numerous: man, cattle, cats, zoologic spp
  • Host range in lab animals
    • Broad
  • Natural geographical range
    • Europe
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11
Q

Parapoxviruses

A
  • Zoonotic
  • Virus infections
    • pseudocowpox virus
    • bovine papular stomatitis virus
    • Orf virus (contagious ecthyma)
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12
Q

pseudocowpox virus

A
  • natural hosts => cattle, humans
  • lab animal host range => Narrow
  • Geographical range => Worldwide
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13
Q

bovine papular stomatitis virus

A
  • natural hosts => cattle, humans
  • lab animal host range => Narrow
  • Geographical range => Worldwide
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14
Q

Orf virus (contagious ecthyma)

A
  • natural hosts => sheep, goat, humans
  • lab animal host range => Narrow
  • Geographical range => Worldwide
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15
Q

Capripoxviruses

A
  • Virus infections
    • Sheeppox virus
    • Goatpox virus
    • Lumpyskin dz virus
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16
Q

Sheeppox virus

A
  • Animals naturally infected => sheep, goats
  • Host range in lab animals => Narrow
  • Geographic range => Africa, Asia
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17
Q

Goatpox virus

A
  • Naturally infected animals => Goats, sheep
  • Host range in lab => Narrow
  • Geographic range => Africa, Asia
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18
Q

Lumpyskin dz virus

A
  • Naturally infected animals => Cattle, buffalo
  • Host range in lab animals => Narrow
  • Geographical range => Africa
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19
Q

Suispoxvirus

A
  • Virus infections => Swinepox virus
  • Animals naturally infected => Swine
  • Host range in lab animals => Narrow
  • Geographical range => Worldwide
20
Q

Leporipoxvirus

A
  • Virus infection => Myxoma virus
    • Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus)
  • Animals naturally infected => Rabbit
  • Host range in lab animals => Narrow
  • Geographical range => Americas, Australia, Europe
21
Q

Avipoxvirus

A
  • Virus infections => Fowlpox virus
  • Animals naturally infected => Chickens, turkeys, birds
  • Lab animal host range => Narrow
  • Geographic range => Worldwide
22
Q

Cowpox

About

A
  • Foreign animal dz => rare, seen only in Europe
  • Human infection possible w/o cattle contact
  • Reservoir is a rodent
  • Domestic cats can be infected
23
Q

Cat infections with Cowpox virus

A
  • Uncommon
  • Transmission
    • contact with subclinical bank voles
  • CS
    • fever
    • skin lesions
    • fatal in cheetahs

*human infection rare

24
Q

Cowpox Dx

A
  • Rare case we use EM
    • brick shaped
    • parapoxes => spiral shaped
  • Isolation in cell culture
  • Isolation on chorioallantoic membrane of chick egg
    • cyncitia => multi-nucleated cells
25
Q

Pseudocowpox virus

about

A
  • Mild, recurrent, worldwide in dairy
  • Associated with poor hygiene (no teat dipping)
  • Proliferative teat lesion => horse shoe shaped
  • Secondary bacterial mastitis occurs
  • Spreads to calves during nursing
26
Q
A

Milkers nodule

Pseudocowpox virus

27
Q

Diagnosis of pseudocowpox

A
  • EM => spiral shape
28
Q

Bovine Papular Stomatitis

about

Dx

A
  • Common incidental infection in beef cattle worldwide
  • Suckling calves or up to 1 year of age
  • No tx necessary unless anorectic
  • Dx => EM
29
Q

Orf

Contagious Ecthyma/

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis/

Sore mouth

A
  • Distribution
    • goat/sheep populations worldwide
  • Clinical Findings
    • common in 3-6 month old lambs
    • can affect adults
    • Lesions develop as papules => then pustules => then thick tenacious scabs
    • Oral mucocutaneous junctions, commissures, muzzle, nostrils
30
Q

Orf: Clinical Dz

A
  • Fissuring occurs and scabs painful
  • Affected lambs anorectic
  • Systemic invasion rare
    • lesions common on ears, nose, cheeks, anus, vulva/prepuce
  • Affected lambs may cuase spread to udders of ewes
31
Q

Orf transmission

A
  • Spread in flock rapid
    • contact
    • infected scabs that persist in environment
  • Virus very resistant in environment
  • Recovered animals immune for several months
32
Q

Orf human dz

A
  • Can be common
  • Lesion is persistent and becomes a nodule => often itchy
  • Localized with occasional lymphadeopathy
33
Q

Orf Diagnosis

A
  • Pathopneumonic
  • Rapid spread in young animals
  • Scabs around commissures of mouth
  • 90% morbidity/low mortality
  • Lab confirmation => EM
34
Q

Sheeppox, Goatpox, Lumpy Skin Dz (LSD) of cattle

A
  • Most important poxviruses of domestic animals
    • economic loss and high mortality young animals
    • morbidity in adults => loss of milk/meat
  • Diseases expanding geographically
  • notifiable foreign animal disease (OIE & USDA/APHIS)
35
Q

Capripoxviruses Transmission

A
  • Respiratory, biting insects, scabs (months)
  • Animals brought into enclosures at night
  • Wild-life reservoir => african cape buffalo (LSP)
36
Q

Sheeppox Virus and Goatpox Virus

Etiology

Clinical Findings

A
  • Etiology
    • closely related by different species tropisms according to geography
  • Clinical Findings
    • Incubation period: 2-14 days
    • Malignant form more common: systemic​
      • Devastating in young
      • mortality up to 50%
      • skin lesions on unwooled skin, buccal, resp, digestive, urogenital mucosa
      • lambs may die before lesions develop
      • depression, prostration, high fever, ocular/nasal d/c
    • Benign form
      • common in adults
      • only skin lesions => esily seen under tail
37
Q

Sheeppox Virus/Goatpox Virus

Pathogenesis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Control

A
  • Pathogenesis
    • replication in respiratory lymph nodes, viremia, secondary lesions in skin
  • Diagnosis
    • clnical signs are pathognomonic, virus isolation, ID by EM
  • Treatment
    • supportive
  • Control
    • prohibit importation, cull, isolate
    • efficacy of vaccines challenged by new strains
38
Q

Lumpy Skin Dz

A
  • Remember looks like BHV-2
  • Similar to sheep and goatpox
  • Spread extensively from SE Africa in 1970s
  • Similar respiratory and skin lesions, generalized lymphadenopathy and edema
  • almost 100% morbidity
  • 1-2% mortality
39
Q

Swinepox

A
  • Incidence/occurence => Worldwide
  • Clinical Findings
    • red papules appear in 4-5 days, become raised hard 1-3 cm in diameter
    • Hard crusts develop and drop over 12-14 days
    • typically benign dz, slight fever, mild reaction
    • Swine louse involved in transmission
    • lesions
      • lower parts of body, belly, axillae, insides of thighs
40
Q

Swinepox

Transmission

Diagnosis

Control

A
  • Transmission
    • pig to pig not common
    • louse on axilla
  • Diagnosis
    • not commonly done
    • virus isolation
    • EM
  • Control
    • elimination of lice
41
Q

Avipoxvirus about

A
  • Affect poultry and wild birlds
  • name refers to host
  • virsuses different genomically, similar biologically
  • Transmission mechanical by arthropods or scabs
42
Q

If you see bumblefoot think….

A

Parapox virus

43
Q
A

Fowl pox:

Lesions on comb, wattles, face

44
Q
A
  • Fowlpox microscopic lesions: eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies)
  • EM: large brick shaped particles
45
Q

Poxvirus conclusions

Test Question

A
  • Ancient, successful virus infecting vertebrates and invertebrates
  • Conserved virion morphology
    • ​large, enveloped complex virion (Brick vs. Ovoid)
  • scabs persist in environment
  • Gross & microscopic lesions
    • Epitheliotropic, inducing proliferative lesions
    • Intracytoplasmic inclusions
  • Host specificity & pathogenesis
    • self limiting to lethal
    • Narrow to broad host specificity
    • zoonotic potential of ortho and parapoxes
  • Diseases caused by Chordopoxviruses
    • ​Orthopoxvira
    • Parapoxvirae
    • Capripoxvirae
    • Suipoxvirae
    • Avipoxvirae

Microbio-virology (8 decks)

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