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Microbio-virology > Adenoviridae and Papillomaviridae (Wellehan) > Flashcards

Adenoviridae and Papillomaviridae (Wellehan) Flashcards

1
Q

Adenoviridae

A
  • non-enveloped: stable in environment
  • Moderately large genome => limitations on rate of change
  • Intranuclear => greater host fidelity
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2
Q

Adenovirus evolution

A
  • coevolved with hosts
  • 6 species endemic in one primate species
  • titi monkey adenovirus recently jumped into people
    • acute respiratory illness
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3
Q

Siadenoviruses

A
  • Generally more pathogenic
  • Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis
  • We don’t really know where these belong
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4
Q

Adenoviruses

Treatment

A
  • Electron microscopy => won’t speciate
  • In situe hybridization => won’t speciate
  • PCR with sequencing (UF) => will speciate
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5
Q

Adenoviruses

Treatment

A
  • Cidofovir
    • don’t need to be phosphorylated by a virus
    • shuts down nucleic acid synthesis
    • Limited data
    • expensive
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6
Q

Canine adenovirus-1/infectious canine hepatitis

Transmission

A
  • Ingestion/inhalation of infectious bodily secretions
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7
Q

Canine adenovirus-1/infectous canine hepatitis

Clinical Disease

Mod/severe/sudden death

A
  • Moderate
    • depression/lethargy
    • abdominal pain/distension
    • Pale MM
    • Anorexia
    • Recovery 4-7 days from onset
    • may have permanent corneal opacity (blue eye) from immune response
  • Severe
    • Bleeding gums
    • Bloody diarrhea
    • +/- vomiting
    • Shock, coma, death 3-5 days from onset
  • Sudden death
    • fever
    • depression and lethargy
    • no warning signs
    • sudden death
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8
Q

Infectious canine hepatitis

Diagnosis CBC/Chem

A
  • CBC/Chem
    • leukopenia (during acute viremic stage) then leukocytosis
    • Reactive lymphocytes and inc nucleated RBCs after acute viremic stage
    • initially high then dec within 14 days
      • ALT, AST, ALP, GGT
    • Hypoglycemia and hypoalbuminemia
      • due to fulminant hepatic failure, vasculities, secondary endotoxemia
    • Hyponatremia and hypokalemia (Vx/D)
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9
Q

Infectious canine hepatitis

Diagnosis: U/A

A
  • Proteinuria
    • from acute glomerular indury
  • predisposition to pyelonephritis
  • Cellular casts - WBC, epithelial
  • Bilirubinemia
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10
Q

Infectious canine hepatitis

Diagnosis:

Other labs/serology/PCR/V. Iso

A
  • Other labs
    • Bile acids => mild to moderately high
    • coagulation tests
      • may be prolonged during viremic stage
      • thrombocytopenia
      • hypofibrinogenemia
      • inc FDP (with DIC)
  • Serology
    • ELISA for CAV-1 antibodies
    • may be difficult to interpret due to vaccine induced antibodies/time of exposure
  • PCR => best significant diagnostic option
  • Virus isolation
    • challenging
    • requires appropriate samples
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11
Q

Infectious canine hepatitis

Prognosis/outcome

A
  • Prognosis/outcome
    • Life-long immunity with recovery from natural infection
  • Prevention
    • vaccination with adenovirus-2 vaccine
      • ​cross protection
    • vaccination with CAV-1 can lead to blue eye
    • Proper disinfection/hygiene/quarantine
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12
Q

Canine adenovirus-2/canine infectious tracheobronchitis

A
  • Kennel cough complex
    • bordetella bronchiseptica
    • canine parainfluenza virus
    • canine distemper virus
    • canine adenovirus (CAV-2)
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13
Q

Canine Adenovirus (CAV-2) about

A
  • Prevalent cause of UR disease in dogs
  • Highly contagious
  • predisposing factors
    • overcrowded housing
    • stressful conditions
    • poor ventilation
    • extreme temp and humidity
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14
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2

Transmission

A
  • Direct contact with infected secretions
  • Contact with contaminated fomites
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15
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2

Clinical signs

A
  • Clinical signs
    • uncomplicated infection
      • dry hacking cough
      • afebrile
      • coughing may persist up to 4 weeks (normally only 10-14 days)
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16
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2

Diagnosis

Presumptive

A
  • Often presumptive, based solely on clinical signs and history
  • history
    • crowded conditions (pet stoe, kennels, research facility)
    • exp to infected animals
    • unvaccinated status (failures possible)
    • Young dogs
    • characteristic cough 5-10 days after exposure to other susceptible dogs
17
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2

Definitive dx

Treatment

A
  • Def dx => PCR/sequencing
  • Treatment
    • uncomplicated infections => rest, 1 week
    • Cough suppresants if cough not productive
    • Antibiotics w/ secondary infection only
18
Q

Canine Adenovirus-2

Prevention

A
  • Vaccination
    • combo vaccines inc CAV-2 (protects against CAV-1 also)
    • Initial series DA2PP
      • booster at one year
      • re-evaluate
  • Good husbandry
  • Iso/quarantine
  • Disinfection
19
Q

Equine adenoviruses

A
  • Mastadenovirus
    • EqAdV1-Respiratory
    • EqAdV2-GI (dec pathogenicity)
  • Dx => PCR/sequencing
20
Q

Ruminant Adenoviruses

A
  • Mastadenovirus
  • Atadenovirus
    • hemorrhagic disease in cervids
    • probs a host jump from lizards
  • DX => PCR/sequencing
21
Q

Other Domestic Mammal Adenoviruses

A
  • Mastadenovirus (enteritis)
    • pigs
    • camelids
  • Cats
    • isolated reports of hepatitis, vasculitis
22
Q

Poultry Adenoviruses

A
  • Aviadenovirus
    • enteritis/hepatitis
  • Atadenovirus
    • Egg Drop Syndrome
  • Siadenovirus
    • Turkey hemorrhagic interitis
    • Marble spleen disease
23
Q

Papillomaviruses

about

A
  • Small DNA viruses
    • can change more rapidly
  • Uneveloped
    • stable in environment
  • Diverse
    • > 250 species endemic in one primate species
24
Q

Papillomaviruses

Disease

DX

A
  • Signs
    • cutaneous lesions
  • Potentially oncogenic
  • Diagnosis
    • Electron microscopy
    • Typically no inclusions
    • PCR/Sequencing will speciate
25
Q

Canine Oral Papillomatosis

Clinical Signs

A
  • Occur principally in the mouth
  • Florid, wart-like lesions
  • Offensive breath

* At least 13 different PV

26
Q

Canine Oral Papillomatosis

Diagnosis

A
  • Distinguish from
    • neoplasia
    • epulides
    • eosinophilic granulomas
  • Biopsy
  • EM
  • PCR/Sequencing
27
Q

Canine Oral Papillomatosis

Treatment/Prevention

A
  • May resolve spontaneously
  • Cryotherapy
  • Topical cidofovir
  • May require surgical resection

Prevention

  • avoid contact with infected animals
28
Q

Feline Papillomaviruses

A
  • four known types
  • FcPV1
    • associated with oral papillomatosis
  • FcPV2 & FcPV3
    • associated with viral plaques
  • Bovine PV14
    • associated with sarcoids in cats
    • Cows get fibrosarcoids
29
Q

Equine Sarcoids

A
  • 20% of all equine tumors
  • Largerfirm lesions on any part of body
  • may look ulcerated to hyperkeratotic to flat and smooth
  • Caused by Bovine papillomavirus 1, BPC2
30
Q

Classification of equine sarcoids

A
  • Verrucous => broccoli-like
  • Fibroblastic
  • Mixed Verrucous and fibroblastic
  • Occult
31
Q

Equine sarcoids

Diagnosis

A
  • Clinical Signs
  • Biopsy
    • submit in 10% buffered formalin
32
Q

Equine Sarcoid Treatment

A
  • Verrucous and occult not treated
    • may transform to aggressive fibroblastic
  • combo of surgical resection with
    • cryotherapy
    • CO2 laser therapy
    • Hyperthermia
    • Irradiation
    • Photodynamic therapy
    • Immunotherapy => BCG
    • Chemotherapy => 5-Fluorouracil
33
Q

Equine Papillomaviruses

(equine warts, I think)

A
  • Equus caballus papillomavirus 1
  • EcPV2
    • associated with genital squamous cell carcinoma
34
Q

Equine Warts

A
  • Horses < 3yrs old
  • Transmission by direct contact/fomites
  • wart-like lesions progress to hyperkeratotic gray lesions
    • lips and muzzle
    • distal limb, genitalia, ears, eyelids
  • DX: clinical signs and biopsy
  • Treatment:
    • spontaneous res (suspect imm dz if no regression)
    • Cryosurgery, chemical cautery
35
Q

Polyomaviridae

A
  • Small, round, nonenveloped dsDNA viruses
    • bidirectional transcription
  • nonhuman primates, rodents, birds, cattle, bats
  • High prevalence in endemic hosts
  • promotes cell cycle
36
Q

Polyomaviral disease in humans

A
  • JC virus
    • progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS
  • BK virus
    • acute interstitial nephritis in renal transplant patients
  • Merkel cell polyomavirus
    • strong assoc w/Merkel cell carcinoma
37
Q

Polyomaviral dz

other vertebrates

A
  • Avian polyomaviruses
    • fatal hepatitis
    • nephritis
    • enteritis
  • Raccoons
    • brain tumors in cali
  • Equine Polyomavirus
    • nephritis
  • Bovine PyV
    • unknown significance

Microbio-virology (8 decks)

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