Adenoviridae and Papillomaviridae (Wellehan) Flashcards
1
Q
Adenoviridae
A
- non-enveloped: stable in environment
- Moderately large genome => limitations on rate of change
- Intranuclear => greater host fidelity
2
Q
Adenovirus evolution
A
- coevolved with hosts
- 6 species endemic in one primate species
- titi monkey adenovirus recently jumped into people
- acute respiratory illness
3
Q
Siadenoviruses
A
- Generally more pathogenic
- Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis
- We don’t really know where these belong
4
Q
Adenoviruses
Treatment
A
- Electron microscopy => won’t speciate
- In situe hybridization => won’t speciate
- PCR with sequencing (UF) => will speciate
5
Q
Adenoviruses
Treatment
A
- Cidofovir
- don’t need to be phosphorylated by a virus
- shuts down nucleic acid synthesis
- Limited data
- expensive
6
Q
Canine adenovirus-1/infectious canine hepatitis
Transmission
A
- Ingestion/inhalation of infectious bodily secretions
7
Q
Canine adenovirus-1/infectous canine hepatitis
Clinical Disease
Mod/severe/sudden death
A
- Moderate
- depression/lethargy
- abdominal pain/distension
- Pale MM
- Anorexia
- Recovery 4-7 days from onset
- may have permanent corneal opacity (blue eye) from immune response
- Severe
- Bleeding gums
- Bloody diarrhea
- +/- vomiting
- Shock, coma, death 3-5 days from onset
- Sudden death
- fever
- depression and lethargy
- no warning signs
- sudden death
8
Q
Infectious canine hepatitis
Diagnosis CBC/Chem
A
- CBC/Chem
- leukopenia (during acute viremic stage) then leukocytosis
- Reactive lymphocytes and inc nucleated RBCs after acute viremic stage
- initially high then dec within 14 days
- ALT, AST, ALP, GGT
- Hypoglycemia and hypoalbuminemia
- due to fulminant hepatic failure, vasculities, secondary endotoxemia
- Hyponatremia and hypokalemia (Vx/D)
9
Q
Infectious canine hepatitis
Diagnosis: U/A
A
- Proteinuria
- from acute glomerular indury
- predisposition to pyelonephritis
- Cellular casts - WBC, epithelial
- Bilirubinemia
10
Q
Infectious canine hepatitis
Diagnosis:
Other labs/serology/PCR/V. Iso
A
- Other labs
- Bile acids => mild to moderately high
- coagulation tests
- may be prolonged during viremic stage
- thrombocytopenia
- hypofibrinogenemia
- inc FDP (with DIC)
- Serology
- ELISA for CAV-1 antibodies
- may be difficult to interpret due to vaccine induced antibodies/time of exposure
- PCR => best significant diagnostic option
- Virus isolation
- challenging
- requires appropriate samples
11
Q
Infectious canine hepatitis
Prognosis/outcome
A
- Prognosis/outcome
- Life-long immunity with recovery from natural infection
- Prevention
- vaccination with adenovirus-2 vaccine
- cross protection
- vaccination with CAV-1 can lead to blue eye
- Proper disinfection/hygiene/quarantine
- vaccination with adenovirus-2 vaccine
12
Q
Canine adenovirus-2/canine infectious tracheobronchitis
A
- Kennel cough complex
- bordetella bronchiseptica
- canine parainfluenza virus
- canine distemper virus
- canine adenovirus (CAV-2)
13
Q
Canine Adenovirus (CAV-2) about
A
- Prevalent cause of UR disease in dogs
- Highly contagious
- predisposing factors
- overcrowded housing
- stressful conditions
- poor ventilation
- extreme temp and humidity
14
Q
Canine Adenovirus-2
Transmission
A
- Direct contact with infected secretions
- Contact with contaminated fomites
15
Q
Canine Adenovirus-2
Clinical signs
A
- Clinical signs
- uncomplicated infection
- dry hacking cough
- afebrile
- coughing may persist up to 4 weeks (normally only 10-14 days)
- uncomplicated infection
16
Q
Canine Adenovirus-2
Diagnosis
Presumptive
A
- Often presumptive, based solely on clinical signs and history
- history
- crowded conditions (pet stoe, kennels, research facility)
- exp to infected animals
- unvaccinated status (failures possible)
- Young dogs
- characteristic cough 5-10 days after exposure to other susceptible dogs
17
Q
Canine Adenovirus-2
Definitive dx
Treatment
A
- Def dx => PCR/sequencing
- Treatment
- uncomplicated infections => rest, 1 week
- Cough suppresants if cough not productive
- Antibiotics w/ secondary infection only
18
Q
Canine Adenovirus-2
Prevention
A
- Vaccination
- combo vaccines inc CAV-2 (protects against CAV-1 also)
- Initial series DA2PP
- booster at one year
- re-evaluate
- Good husbandry
- Iso/quarantine
- Disinfection
19
Q
Equine adenoviruses
A
- Mastadenovirus
- EqAdV1-Respiratory
- EqAdV2-GI (dec pathogenicity)
- Dx => PCR/sequencing
20
Q
Ruminant Adenoviruses
A
- Mastadenovirus
- Atadenovirus
- hemorrhagic disease in cervids
- probs a host jump from lizards
- DX => PCR/sequencing
21
Q
Other Domestic Mammal Adenoviruses
A
- Mastadenovirus (enteritis)
- pigs
- camelids
- Cats
- isolated reports of hepatitis, vasculitis
22
Q
Poultry Adenoviruses
A
- Aviadenovirus
- enteritis/hepatitis
- Atadenovirus
- Egg Drop Syndrome
- Siadenovirus
- Turkey hemorrhagic interitis
- Marble spleen disease
23
Q
Papillomaviruses
about
A
- Small DNA viruses
- can change more rapidly
- Uneveloped
- stable in environment
- Diverse
- > 250 species endemic in one primate species
24
Q
Papillomaviruses
Disease
DX
A
- Signs
- cutaneous lesions
- Potentially oncogenic
- Diagnosis
- Electron microscopy
- Typically no inclusions
- PCR/Sequencing will speciate
25
Q
Canine Oral Papillomatosis
Clinical Signs
A
- Occur principally in the mouth
- Florid, wart-like lesions
- Offensive breath
* At least 13 different PV
26
Q
Canine Oral Papillomatosis
Diagnosis
A
- Distinguish from
- neoplasia
- epulides
- eosinophilic granulomas
- Biopsy
- EM
- PCR/Sequencing
27
Q
Canine Oral Papillomatosis
Treatment/Prevention
A
- May resolve spontaneously
- Cryotherapy
- Topical cidofovir
- May require surgical resection
Prevention
- avoid contact with infected animals
28
Q
Feline Papillomaviruses
A
- four known types
- FcPV1
- associated with oral papillomatosis
- FcPV2 & FcPV3
- associated with viral plaques
- Bovine PV14
- associated with sarcoids in cats
- Cows get fibrosarcoids
29
Q
Equine Sarcoids
A
- 20% of all equine tumors
- Largerfirm lesions on any part of body
- may look ulcerated to hyperkeratotic to flat and smooth
- Caused by Bovine papillomavirus 1, BPC2
30
Q
Classification of equine sarcoids
A
- Verrucous => broccoli-like
- Fibroblastic
- Mixed Verrucous and fibroblastic
- Occult
31
Q
Equine sarcoids
Diagnosis
A
- Clinical Signs
- Biopsy
- submit in 10% buffered formalin
32
Q
Equine Sarcoid Treatment
A
- Verrucous and occult not treated
- may transform to aggressive fibroblastic
- combo of surgical resection with
- cryotherapy
- CO2 laser therapy
- Hyperthermia
- Irradiation
- Photodynamic therapy
- Immunotherapy => BCG
- Chemotherapy => 5-Fluorouracil
33
Q
Equine Papillomaviruses
(equine warts, I think)
A
- Equus caballus papillomavirus 1
- EcPV2
- associated with genital squamous cell carcinoma
34
Q
Equine Warts
A
- Horses < 3yrs old
- Transmission by direct contact/fomites
- wart-like lesions progress to hyperkeratotic gray lesions
- lips and muzzle
- distal limb, genitalia, ears, eyelids
- DX: clinical signs and biopsy
- Treatment:
- spontaneous res (suspect imm dz if no regression)
- Cryosurgery, chemical cautery
35
Q
Polyomaviridae
A
- Small, round, nonenveloped dsDNA viruses
- bidirectional transcription
- nonhuman primates, rodents, birds, cattle, bats
- High prevalence in endemic hosts
- promotes cell cycle
36
Q
Polyomaviral disease in humans
A
- JC virus
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS
- BK virus
- acute interstitial nephritis in renal transplant patients
- Merkel cell polyomavirus
- strong assoc w/Merkel cell carcinoma
37
Q
Polyomaviral dz
other vertebrates
A
- Avian polyomaviruses
- fatal hepatitis
- nephritis
- enteritis
- Raccoons
- brain tumors in cali
- Equine Polyomavirus
- nephritis
- Bovine PyV
- unknown significance
