Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurobiology > Powerpoints 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Powerpoints 4 & 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of proteins found at post-synaptic sites?

A

Scaffolding proteins, signal transduction proteins, receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the classes of proteins found at pre-synaptic sites?

A

-Proteins that help vesicles release neurotransmitter (release machinery)
-Vesicles are not proteins (they are sacs of membrane) but they have proteins sticking out of them
-Proteins that pump neurotransmitter or parts of neurotransmitter back into cells
-Calcium channels (you need calcium to release neurotransmitter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve cells generate different types of electrical signals due to?

A

1) Differences in concentrations of specific ions (Anions/Cations) across the nerve cell membrane
2) Membranes are selectively permeable to different ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

Relationship between current, voltage, and conductance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is potential (V)?

A

Electrical potential (potential per unit charge); The work needed to force charge between two points. Measured in Volts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is current (I)?

A

net flow of charge (ions); charge per unit time; measured in Amps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is resistance (R)?

A

degree to which a material opposes current (Ohms); how much charge flow is impeded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is conductance (g)?

A

degree to which material allows current; ease of flow of current (Siemans)
Same thing, different views!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ohm’s Law equation

A

V=IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Increasing the voltage results in

A

Increased current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Decreasing resistance (or increasing conductance) does what to the current?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Extracellular recordings are:

A

Recording from the extracellular environment near a cell of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intracellular recordings are:

A

Recording from inside a cell of interest, piercing the membrane with an electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are patch clamp recordings?

A

Recording from the membrane of a cell of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What tools are used to measure electrical signaling in neurons?

A

-Intracellular microelectrode (actually poke the cell and measure the inside; listen in to the chatter)
-Glass tubing with a very fine opening (1 um diameter) filled with a conductor (salt) and there is a wire (conductive core)
-Conductive core connected to a voltmeter (ei. Oscilloscope)
-Reference electrode
-Record transmembrane voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Resting membrane potential has a reading of ?

A

-40 to -90 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Membrane potential goes positive?

A

-DEPOLARIZED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If Membrane potential goes negative?

A

-HYPERPOLARIZTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are receptor potentials?

A

(due to activation of sensory neurons for example by external stimuli): transient changes are the first step in generating sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are synaptic potentials?

A

(between two neurons) EPSPs and IPSPs

21
Q

What are action potentials?

A

travel along long axons; boost signals; long range transmission

22
Q

How do neurons overcome not being good “electrical wires?” (Not good conductor, too long, leaky (lots of channels))

A

Booster system, Electrical signals produced by this system are ACTION POTENTIALS

23
Q

The Action Potential is a change from ____ to ____

A

negative, positive

24
Q

How long does an action potential take?

A

Brief approx. 1 ms

25
Q

True or False? Amplitude of the AP is independent of the magnitude used to evoke it

A

True

26
Q

True or False? Bigger stimulation leads to bigger action potentials

A

False

27
Q

True or False? Action Potentials are all- or none

A

True

28
Q

True or False? With bigger stimulation, you can get multiple APs (increase frequency) but they will be different amplitudes

A

False, With bigger stimulation, you can get multiple APs (increase frequency) but they will be the same amplitude

29
Q

Passive conduction ____ over distance

A

decays

30
Q

Active conduction is ___ over distance

A

constant

31
Q

How does Stimulus increase affect different types of electrical signals?

A

Stimulus Increase
-APs increase in frequency, NOT in amplitude
However….
-Receptor potentials, graded in proportion to the magnitude of the sensory stimulus
-Synaptic potentials, amplitudes vary according to number of synapses activated EPSPs and IPSPs

32
Q

EPSP does what to the neuron ?

A

Depolarizes neuron

33
Q

IPSP does what to neuron ?

A

hyperpolarizes neuron

34
Q

Signals from other neurons?

A

produced by NT release at synapse

35
Q

Active transport and passive ion channels are responsible for what

A

ionic movements across membranes

36
Q

Active transporters do what

A

Actively move selected ions against concentration gradient, create ion concentration gradients

37
Q

What do ion channels allow?

A

Allow ions to diffuse down concentration gradient (OSMOSIS), selectively permeable to certain ions

38
Q

What is the movement of an ion

A

Electricity, movement of charge

39
Q

Neural function involves which 4 ions, all electrical events are based on movement of these ions in/out of the neuron

A

K, Na, Ca, Cl

40
Q

Ion channels are classified based on what

A

Ion selectivity, switch

41
Q

What are Voltage-gated channels important for?

A

important for action potential

42
Q

What are Ligand-gated channels important for ?

A

important for EPSPs

43
Q

What are stretch/pressure-gated channels important for ?

A

sensory neurons

44
Q

What are leak channels important for?

A

important for resting membrane potential

45
Q

True or False? Ion channels and transporters work against each other

A

True

46
Q

Transporters actively maintain _____ inside and _____ positive outside against concentration gradient

A

Negative, positive

47
Q

Ion channels allow osmosis to occur ______ concentration gradient

A

down

48
Q

Functional antagonism between ion channels and transporters help to generate

A

-Resting membrane potentials
-Synaptic potentials/receptor potentials
-Action potentials

Neurobiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions