Exam 1 Powerpoint 3

Question 1

What percentage of our intake energy is used by our brain?

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

Does a primate brain of the same size as a rodent brain have the same number of neurons? If not, is it
more or less?

Answer 2

More, neurons don’t grow in size as brain grows like mice brain do.

Question 3

Is the human brain special in its total number of neurons? Is our brain just a primate brain?

Answer 3

No, same

Question 4

We have 86 billion neurons in our human brain. How many neurons do we have in the cerebral cortex?
Why is the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex significant for humans? How does that compare to
other animals?

Answer 4

16 billion, most of any other species in cerebral cortex, helps with our cognitive abilities.

Question 5

Connect the idea of cooking to our brain size (in terms of number of neurons) and energy expense.

Answer 5

We can afford to have more neurons and provide them with energy to function because we do not waste a lot of energy eating and we gain a ton of energy from eating due to the process of cooking.

Question 6

All cells have

Answer 6

Nucleus
ER
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
DNA/RNA/protein

Question 7

Important cellular component at presynaptic sites?

Answer 7

vesicles

Question 8

Axons

Answer 8

Specialized for sending info

Question 9

dendrites

Answer 9

Specialized for receiving info

Question 10

Neurite

Answer 10

neurite is used to describe either a dendrite or an axon, any projection from a cell

Question 11

Two function of axons

Answer 11

generate action potentials in
the axon initial segment

Enable propagation of action
potentials

Question 12

AIS, axon initial segment

Answer 12

generates and shapes the action potential before it is propagated along the axon.

Question 13

Axon hillock

Answer 13

Neck, controls initiation

Question 14

Axon collaterals

Answer 14

Branches

Question 15

Axon terminal

Answer 15

synaptic contact

Question 16

Convergence

Answer 16

Many neurons converge on one neuron

Question 17

Divergence

Answer 17

One neuron synapses on many neurons

Question 18

spines

Answer 18

specialized for synaptic input

specialized role in
learning/memory

Question 19

HOW BIG IS THE
SYNAPSE
ANYWAY?

Answer 19

20 nm

Question 20

Vesicle size

Answer 20

Vesicles by comparison 50-
200 nm

Question 21

Neuron size

Answer 21

Neuron 5-100 um in
diameter

Question 22

Post-Synaptic Specializations

Answer 22

Receptors

Post-synaptic density (PSD)

The PSD is a mesh of
proteins that support the
receipt and processing of
transmitter signals.

Question 23

Pre-Synaptic
Specializations

Answer 23

Synaptic vesicles
Mitochondria
Release machinery
Synaptic ribosomes*

Question 24

PSD is

Answer 24

-very rich in proteins , a mesh, support receiving and processing of transmitter signals

scaffolding proteins
-receptor proteins
-signal transduction pathway proteins

Question 25

Interneuron:

Answer 25

Between
sensory and motor
neurons