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Foodborne Pathogens > Powerpoint 7: Salmonella > Flashcards

Powerpoint 7: Salmonella Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optimum growth temperature?

A

35-37

But can grow at 5-54 (mesophilic)

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2
Q

Are they killed by pasteurization?

A

yes

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3
Q

Are they sensitive to low pH?

A

yes

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4
Q

What pH do they grow in?

A

4.5 - 9.5

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5
Q

What is the lowest aw they can tolerate?

A

0.94

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6
Q

What happens to heat resistance as water activity decreases?

A

Heat resistance increases (logic : when its hot, the tolerable water it can grow in decreases because heat removes water)

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7
Q

What can affect heat resistance?

A

Types of solute in food

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8
Q

Can cells survive in frozen and dried states for a long time? (ex: chicken nuggest, breaded chicken strips, chocolate)

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is the Aw like in chclate?

A

lw

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10
Q

Why can’t yu inactivate salmnella using heat?

A

-gives it a burned taste

lw aw makes the heat resistance even greater

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11
Q

Hw much time can salomonela survive in chcolaote?

A

years

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12
Q

How many species des the geonus have?

A

2 species

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13
Q

Salomnela enetrica is gruped int hw many subspecies?

A

six subspecies

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14
Q

Which subspecies is the nly onoe that causes disease in humans?

A

Salmonella enterica enterica

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15
Q

Hw many types fo serovars exist fr the subspecies s.enterica enterica

A

> 2000

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16
Q

Which 2 ser0vars are m0st c0m0nloy ass0ciated t0 f00dbrn illness?

A

Thyphymurium and Entiriditis

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17
Q

What is the meth0d to ser0type?

A
  • reacti0ns with antisera

- wh0loe gen0me typing

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18
Q

Wh0 carries the ser0var Typhymurium?

A

-many pets, f00d animals

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19
Q

What can servara entiriditis infect?

A

-0varies 0f chicken -> infect the egg

meth0d t0 av0id sickness: highly c00king

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20
Q

H0w many h0urs after infecti0n d0 sympt0ms 0ccur?

A

8-72 h0urs

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21
Q

Is it self-limiting?

A

yes

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22
Q

D0es it have blo0dy diarhea?

A

n0

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23
Q

In h0w many days d0 sympt0ms res0lve?

A

5 days

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24
Q

What c0mplicati0n can happen in imun0c0mpr0mised individuals with n0n-typh0idal salm0nella?

A
  • invasive disease
  • bacteremia
  • high m0rtality rate
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25
Q

Where d0es salom0nella remain lo0caloized?

A

intestinal tissue

26
Q

What is resp0nsible f0r the sympt0ms 0f gastr0-entiritis?

A

h0st inflammat0ry resp0nse t0 invading pathgens

-> the number is n0t many th0ugh

27
Q

Where d0 m0st salm0nella bacteria remain after infecti0n?

A

gastr0-intestinal lumen

28
Q

Despite it being able t0 invade the cellos wh0 will clear s.typhymurium?

A

neutr0phils

29
Q

where are the virulence fact0rs lo0cated?

A

SPAI

30
Q

H0w d0es salom0nella survive the acidic pH 0f the st0mach?

A

-activates acid t0lerance resp0nse t0 maintain intracellular pH

31
Q

what is enc0ded in SPAI 3 and 4 that all0ws adherence t0 epithelium?

A

adhesins

32
Q

What are the 2 things enc0ded by SPAI 3?

A

1) MisL : binds fibr0nectin 0n epithelial cells

2) Mgt CB: intramacr0phage survival

33
Q

Which things are enc0ded by SPAI 4?

A

c0ntains 0nly 6 ORF enc0ded in 0ne 0per0n.o

1)SiiE : mediates attachment t0 epithelial cells

34
Q

What d0es SPI 1 enc0de?

A

A T3 SS : delivers a c0h0rt 0f virulence effect0r pr0teins int0 the h0st cell

35
Q

What d0 the effect0rs secreted by SPI 1 d0?

A

2 manipulate h0st cell signalling pathway (i.e. inflammat0ry resp0nse)

#1 drive f0rce uptake 0f bacteria by n0n-phag0cytic cells 
-induce actin cytoskelet0n rearrangement in h0st, creating large pr0trusi0ns 0n membrane called ruffles
36
Q

What are membrane ruffles?

A

result due t0 h0st cell rearanging actin cyt0skelet0n (due t0 effect0rs secreted by T3 SS)

37
Q

What d0 ruffles d0?

A

engulf the path0gen int0 large vesicles called Salm0nella c0ntaining vesicles

38
Q

What d0 salom0nella c0ntaining vesicles d0?

A

hoang 0ut near g0lgi apparatus t0 intercept vesicles and 0btain nutrients

39
Q

What causes diarrhea?

A

H0st resp0nse and inflammati0n due t0 bacterial invasi0n 0f the intestinal cells

40
Q

T/F in healthy individuals salom0nela c0ntaining vesicles can migrate t0 the bas0lateral side enter the bl00d and cause systemic infecti0n

A

F: this happens in immu0c0mpr0mised individuals

41
Q

what is a type 3 secreti0n system?

A
  • pr0tein appendage
  • f0und in gram - bacteria
  • needle like structure is used as a sens0ry pr0be t0 detect eukarytic cells
  • can inject effect0r pr0teins (help survive + escape immune system)
42
Q

What is pry0pt0sis?

A

highly inflamat0ry f0rm 0f pre-pr0grammed cell death

-in intracellular path0gens

43
Q

Functi0n 0f SPI 1 genes ?

A

1) inhibiti0n 0f ap0pt0sis and macr0phage pry0pt0sis
2) stabilizati0n / lo0caloizati0n 0f actin filaments during invasi0n
3) adhesin 0f epithelialo cells
4) disrupti0n 0f actin cyt0skelet0n

44
Q

Functi0n 0f SPI 2?

A

intrace//u/ar rep/icati0n

45
Q

Functi0n 0f SPI 5?

A

cytskelet0n rem0de//ing + inducti0n 0f inflammat0ry resp0nse

  • rendundant
  • enc0des S0pE, S0p E2, Sig D
46
Q

What causes gastr0intestina/ dysbi0sis?

A

inflammati0n

47
Q

H0w d0es inflammati0n fav0r salom0nella gr0wth?

A

since respirat0ry electr0n accept0rs are 0ver pr0duced pr0vides an energetic gr0wth advantage t0 facultative anaer0bes loike salom0ne//a

48
Q

What 0per0n d0es Spi2 enc0de, and what is its functi0n?

A

enc0des ttr 0per0n: a//0ws sa/m0ne//a t0 use tetrathi0nate as TEA, 0utgr0w anaer0bic c0mpetit0rs

49
Q

Wh0 disrupts the tight juncti0ns?

A

intra and extra cellular path0gens

50
Q

H0w are ruffling re/ated t0 tight juncti0ns?

A

pr0teins f0r ruff/ing are essential t0 alter tight juncti0ns

51
Q

What 4 effect0rs are used t0 disrupt the tight juncti0ns?

A

Sip A, S0p B, S0p E and S0p E2 (research still 0ng0ing)

52
Q

Are antibi0tics administered?

A

Yes if bl00d b0rn infecti0n

53
Q

Why are strains resistant t0 antibi0tics?

A

Rutinely used in feed and godo animals and birds

54
Q

T/F : Genes for virulence factrs and antibi0tic resistance can 0ccur 0n the same ploasmid

A

True

55
Q

What is the difference bewteen thyph0id and n0n-typh0id?

A

Typhi / paratyphi : human restricted ; causes human fever

N0n tyhph0id (typhimuirum, entiriditis): br0ad range; causes gastr0-entiritis (abdminalo pain, inflammat0ry diarrhea, vmiting)

56
Q

Gr0uped acc0rding t0 ser0var l00king at what?

A
  • 0 antigen 0n LPS

- H antigen (flagellar)

57
Q

T/F It is a leading cause 0f f00db0rn illness in humans?

A

True

58
Q

What 2 0ther meth0ds can be used t0 gr0up it?

A
  • wh0le gen0me sequencing

- pulsed field gel electr0ph0resis

59
Q

Which ser0type can cause systemic inflammati0n in immun0cmpr0mised individuals?

A

typhi and parathyphi

60
Q

Is antimicr0bial resistance a pr0blem?

A

yes!!

Foodborne Pathogens (11 decks)

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