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Global Politics Keywords D > Power, polarity and the modern world > Flashcards

Power, polarity and the modern world Flashcards

1
Q

What is the America First policy?

A

A policy that emphasises that the USA should only be involved in foreign policy issues that directly impact on the USA. It is seen as isolationist.

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2
Q

What are autocratic states?

A

A state that is ruled by a single person with unlimited power.

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3
Q

What is the Belt and Road initiative?

A

China’s plan to create alliances and trade routes via both land and sea.

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4
Q

What is meant by Balance of Power?

A

A measure of how power is distributed in the international system.

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5
Q

What does bipolarity refer to?

A

An international system revolving around two poles.

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6
Q

What is BRICS?

A

Loose alliance of the leading emerging economies – Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Expanded in 2023.

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7
Q

What is debt-trap diplomacy?

A

A method where a rich donor country loans money to poorer countries in return for their diplomatic and strategic support.

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8
Q

What defines a democratic state?

A

A state with a system of government in which all the people are involved in making decisions about its affairs.

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9
Q

What is deterrence?

A

The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.

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10
Q

What is an emerging power?

A

A state that is considered to be rising, primarily in economic power and influence.

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11
Q

What are failed states?

A

A state that is unable to operate as a viable political unit.

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12
Q

What is free trade?

A

When there are no barriers, tariffs or quotas relating to trade between nation states.

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13
Q

What is global stability?

A

The status of powers being balanced around the world, or there being one hegemon, that ensures a lack of conflict and major disturbance.

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14
Q

What defines a great power?

A

A state that is recognised as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.

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15
Q

What is hard power?

A

Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behaviour or interests of other political bodies.

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16
Q

What is hegemony?

A

The status of being the most powerful country in a region.

17
Q

What are liberal economies?

A

Economies that have a largely free-market, capitalist economy free from state control.

18
Q

What does MINT stand for?

A

Acronym for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey – countries with the potential to realize rapid economic growth. This grouping was identified in 2011.

19
Q

What is the Monroe Doctrine?

A

US view that any intervention in the affairs of countries in ‘the Americas’ by outside states could be seen as a challenge to the USA.

20
Q

What is multipolarity?

A

An international system revolving around three or more poles.

21
Q

What defines a non-democratic state?

A

A state that lacks the central characteristics of a democratic state.

22
Q

What is polarity?

A

Describes the nature of the international system at any given time in terms of how power is distributed.

23
Q

What is power transition?

A

The process of the shifting of hegemonic status or a change in the dominant states in the international system.

24
Q

What is protectionism?

A

The use of tariffs, quotas and trade barriers to protect a domestic economy from outside competition.

25
Q

What are proxy wars?

A

A war instigated by a major power(s) which does not itself become involved. A method to advance strategic interests or to undermine those of their opponents.

26
Q

What are rogue states?

A

A state that has a foreign policy that poses a threat to other states.

27
Q

What is the rule of law?

A

The idea that all people (& states) are treated equally under the law and have an equal duty to follow the rules.

28
Q

What is a semi-democratic state?

A

A stable state that combines democratic and authoritarian elements.

29
Q

What is soft power?

A

The ability to attract and co-opt and to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction.

30
Q

What are spheres of influence?

A

The concept that powerful states are allowed to dominate areas geographically close to them, with no interference from other states.

31
Q

What is the String of Pearls theory?

A

The idea that China will connect all their areas of influence around the globe.

32
Q

What defines a superpower?

A

State with a dominant position in international relations, pre-eminent among great powers, and characterised by its unparalleled ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale.

33
Q

What is unipolarity?

A

An international system in which there is one dominant pole.

Global Politics Keywords D (6 decks)

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