Econ and Environment GG

Question 1

Similar to world bank, but dominated by China and focussed on Asian projects.

Answer 1

AIIB (Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank)

Question 2

Name given to the conference in 1944 that aimed to manage world financial systems.

Answer 2

Bretton Woods

Question 3

When a state spends more than it raises in revenue.

Answer 3

Budget Deficit

Question 4

Term used to describe loose alignment of major developing economies including China, India and Brazil.

Answer 4

BRICS

Question 5

When one nation state exerts political/economic domination and control of another.

Answer 5

Colonialism

Question 6

The money in circulation in a nation state or region.

Answer 6

Currency

Question 7

Annual conferences on the environment set up as part of the Kyoto Protocol in 1992. Meets yearly.

Answer 7

COP (s) – Conference of the Parties

Question 8

Marxist view that globalisation locks states into permanent need.

Answer 8

Dependency (world system) Theory

Question 9

Advancement purely seen in economic terms.

Answer 9

Development (Orthodox view)

Question 10

An environmental philosophy that promotes the inherent worth of all living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs.

Answer 10

deep-green ecology

Question 11

People living on less than $1.90 a day (on 2011 values) - severe deprivation of basic human needs.

Answer 11

Extreme Poverty

Question 12

When a nation-states currency value varies on the international market.

Answer 12

Floating Exchange Rate

Question 13

When nation states’ currencies are set a fixed point – traditionally compared to the US dollar.

Answer 13

Fixed exchange rate

Question 14

The ability for nation states to trade with each without tariffs or barriers.

Answer 14

Free Trade

Question 15

The group of the 7 leading democratic, free-market economies.

Answer 15

G 7

Question 16

A broader group of the world’s leading 20 economies – created in 1999.

Answer 16

G20

Question 17

Set up in 1947 – replaced by the WTO – a forum for states to set and discuss international trade rules.

Answer 17

GATT (General agreement on trade and tariffs)

Question 18

Worldwide economic recession (from 1929-39) brought on by the Wall street crash.

Answer 18

Great Depression

Question 19

The 2010 crisis which led the IMF, European Central Bank and European Commission to loan Greece money due to massive debt.

Answer 19

Greek Debt Crisis

Question 20

Areas and resources that are un-owned and consequently beyond national jurisdiction.

Answer 20

(The) global commons

Question 21

A measure of a countries development based on multi-dimensional poverty.

Answer 21

Human Development Index (HDI)

Question 22

A body consisting of representatives of nation states governments.

Answer 22

IGO

Question 23

Encourages global financial stability by providing loans and advice to countries.

Answer 23

IMF – International Monetary Fund

Question 24

Initial name for the world bank – set up in 1944 to provide investment for countries.

Answer 24

International Bank for reconstruction and development

Question 25

International financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries.

Answer 25

International Development Association

Question 26

UN body set up as an internationally accepted authority on climate change.

Answer 26

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Question 27

Was an international treaty which extended the 1992 (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer 27

Kyoto Protocol

Question 28

Set up in 2000, these are to ensure all UN bodies and NGO’s were working towards the same targets.

Answer 28

MDG’s - Millennium Development Goals

Question 29

Poverty measure that includes access to sanitation, clean water, electricity, education, child mortality and general health.

Answer 29

Multi-dimensional Poverty

Question 30

The extreme free-market ideology that dominates world trade.

Answer 30

Neo-Liberalism

Question 31

A nation states exerts strong economic or political influence over other state.

Answer 31

Neo-Colonialism

Question 32

A non-profit organization that operates independently of any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue.

Answer 32

NGO

Question 33

A country whose level of economic development ranks it somewhere between developing and highly developed classifications.

Answer 33

NIC – Newly Industrialised countries

Question 34

Global socio-economic and political divide.

Answer 34

North-South Divide

Question 35

Cutting carbon emissions to a small amount of residual emissions that can be absorbed and durably stored by nature.

Answer 35

Net-Zero

Question 36

Legally binding international treaty on climate change adopted by 196 Parties at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21).

Answer 36

Paris accord

Question 37

People who are unable to access average standard of living in a state – earning below 60% of the average income.

Answer 37

Relative Poverty

Question 38

A programme of economic intervention – usually following Neo-Liberal ideas – which is imposed as condition of an IMF loan.

Answer 38

SAP – Structural Adjustment Programme

Question 39

Improvements in a country that take into account the environment.

Answer 39

Sustainable Development

Question 40

Targets set by the UN - a call to action to end poverty and inequality, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy health, justice and prosperity.

Answer 40

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s)

Question 41

The political or philosophical position within Ecologism that holds the idea that the protection and conservation of the environment should only be practised when beneficial to humans.

Answer 41

shallow-green ecology

Question 42

Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Answer 42

Sustainable development

Question 43

Situation within a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently and rationally according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting that resource.

Answer 43

Tragedy of the commons.

Question 44

An international environmental treaty negotiated at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

Answer 44

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Question 45

Dominance of free-market in trade that is “agreed” around the world.

Answer 45

Washington Consensus

Question 46

Set up in 1944 to focus on long term global development.

Answer 46

World Bank

Question 47

Annual conference of world leaders and business leaders held in Davos in Switzerland.

Answer 47

WEF – world economic forum

Question 48

Established in 1995 to help to facilitate world trade.

Answer 48

WTO – World Trade Organisation