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Global Politics Keywords D > Econ and Environment GG > Flashcards

Econ and Environment GG Flashcards

1
Q

Similar to world bank, but dominated by China and focussed on Asian projects.

A

AIIB (Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank)

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2
Q

Name given to the conference in 1944 that aimed to manage world financial systems.

A

Bretton Woods

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3
Q

When a state spends more than it raises in revenue.

A

Budget Deficit

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4
Q

Term used to describe loose alignment of major developing economies including China, India and Brazil.

A

BRICS

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5
Q

When one nation state exerts political/economic domination and control of another.

A

Colonialism

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6
Q

The money in circulation in a nation state or region.

A

Currency

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7
Q

Annual conferences on the environment set up as part of the Kyoto Protocol in 1992. Meets yearly.

A

COP (s) – Conference of the Parties

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8
Q

Marxist view that globalisation locks states into permanent need.

A

Dependency (world system) Theory

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9
Q

Advancement purely seen in economic terms.

A

Development (Orthodox view)

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10
Q

An environmental philosophy that promotes the inherent worth of all living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs.

A

deep-green ecology

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11
Q

People living on less than $1.90 a day (on 2011 values) - severe deprivation of basic human needs.

A

Extreme Poverty

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12
Q

When a nation-states currency value varies on the international market.

A

Floating Exchange Rate

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13
Q

When nation states’ currencies are set a fixed point – traditionally compared to the US dollar.

A

Fixed exchange rate

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14
Q

The ability for nation states to trade with each without tariffs or barriers.

A

Free Trade

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15
Q

The group of the 7 leading democratic, free-market economies.

A

G 7

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16
Q

A broader group of the world’s leading 20 economies – created in 1999.

A

G20

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17
Q

Set up in 1947 – replaced by the WTO – a forum for states to set and discuss international trade rules.

A

GATT (General agreement on trade and tariffs)

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18
Q

Worldwide economic recession (from 1929-39) brought on by the Wall street crash.

A

Great Depression

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19
Q

The 2010 crisis which led the IMF, European Central Bank and European Commission to loan Greece money due to massive debt.

A

Greek Debt Crisis

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20
Q

Areas and resources that are un-owned and consequently beyond national jurisdiction.

A

(The) global commons

21
Q

A measure of a countries development based on multi-dimensional poverty.

A

Human Development Index (HDI)

22
Q

A body consisting of representatives of nation states governments.

A

IGO

23
Q

Encourages global financial stability by providing loans and advice to countries.

A

IMF – International Monetary Fund

24
Q

Initial name for the world bank – set up in 1944 to provide investment for countries.

A

International Bank for reconstruction and development

25
Q

International financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world’s poorest developing countries.

A

International Development Association

26
Q

UN body set up as an internationally accepted authority on climate change.

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

27
Q

Was an international treaty which extended the 1992 (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

A

Kyoto Protocol

28
Q

Set up in 2000, these are to ensure all UN bodies and NGO’s were working towards the same targets.

A

MDG’s - Millennium Development Goals

29
Q

Poverty measure that includes access to sanitation, clean water, electricity, education, child mortality and general health.

A

Multi-dimensional Poverty

30
Q

The extreme free-market ideology that dominates world trade.

A

Neo-Liberalism

31
Q

A nation states exerts strong economic or political influence over other state.

A

Neo-Colonialism

32
Q

A non-profit organization that operates independently of any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue.

A

NGO

33
Q

A country whose level of economic development ranks it somewhere between developing and highly developed classifications.

A

NIC – Newly Industrialised countries

34
Q

Global socio-economic and political divide.

A

North-South Divide

35
Q

Cutting carbon emissions to a small amount of residual emissions that can be absorbed and durably stored by nature.

A

Net-Zero

36
Q

Legally binding international treaty on climate change adopted by 196 Parties at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21).

A

Paris accord

37
Q

People who are unable to access average standard of living in a state – earning below 60% of the average income.

A

Relative Poverty

38
Q

A programme of economic intervention – usually following Neo-Liberal ideas – which is imposed as condition of an IMF loan.

A

SAP – Structural Adjustment Programme

39
Q

Improvements in a country that take into account the environment.

A

Sustainable Development

40
Q

Targets set by the UN - a call to action to end poverty and inequality, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy health, justice and prosperity.

A

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s)

41
Q

The political or philosophical position within Ecologism that holds the idea that the protection and conservation of the environment should only be practised when beneficial to humans.

A

shallow-green ecology

42
Q

Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

A

Sustainable development

43
Q

Situation within a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently and rationally according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting that resource.

A

Tragedy of the commons.

44
Q

An international environmental treaty negotiated at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

45
Q

Dominance of free-market in trade that is “agreed” around the world.

A

Washington Consensus

46
Q

Set up in 1944 to focus on long term global development.

A

World Bank

47
Q

Annual conference of world leaders and business leaders held in Davos in Switzerland.

A

WEF – world economic forum

48
Q

Established in 1995 to help to facilitate world trade.

A

WTO – World Trade Organisation

Global Politics Keywords D (6 decks)

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