Power of Moral Theories

Question 1

Act Utilitarianism

Answer 1

Says that the right actions are those that diretcly produce the greatest overall good (Everyone considered, only focus on the consequences that follow from the act & dont care about rules)

Question 2

Theories of value

Answer 2

Moral theories concerned with the goodness of persons or things

Question 3

In a consequentialist view good can be efined as what?

Answer 3

Pleasure, happiness, well-being, flourishing, knownledge, etc

Question 4

An argument moral premise is back up by _____________ (moral theories) from which a moral premise is dervied

Answer 4

Theories of obligations

Question 5

When evaluating moral theories first must make sure it meets the maximum requirement of ___________

Answer 5

Coherence

Question 6

Moral Code

Answer 6

A set of rules (Like dont kill or protect human life)(Have conflicts with rules so not used for plasuible theory)

Question 7

What are the two major theories?

Answer 7

1. Consequentialist (teological)
2. Nonconsequenlist moral theories

Question 8

What are the two main Consequentialist Theories?

Answer 8

1. Utlilitarianism
2. Ethical Egoism

Question 9

Coherent theory

Answer 9

Internally consistent, its central claims are consistent with each other (Dont contrdict each other)

Question 10

Criterion 3: Usefulness in moral problem solving

Answer 10

All good theories are useful but usefull ness doesnt make a theory good

Question 12

Nonconsequenlist Moral Theories

Answer 12

Say that the rightness of an action doesnt depends on its consequences but mostly on the nature of the action itself

Question 13

What two thing would an internally consistent theory not assert?

Answer 13

1. Actions are right if & only they are natural
2. It is morally right to use unnatural means to save a life

Question 14

Criterion 2: Consistency with our moral experiences

Answer 14

A plausible moral theory should be consistent with moral background knownledge

Question 15

What are the 3 criteria of adequancy?

Answer 15

1. Criterian 1: Consistency with considered judgement
2. Criterian 2: Consistency with our moral experiences
3. Criterian 3: usefulness in moral Problem solving

Question 16

A theory in conflict with our moral experiences is __________

Answer 16

False (Its inconsistent if it implies that we dont have one or more of these basic moral experiences)

Question 17

Reflective Equilibrium

Answer 17

When judgement & theory fit together as closely as possible with maximum agreement between them

Question 18

Classic Utilitarism (Moral Theory)

Answer 18

Right actions are those that directly produce the greatest overall happiness(everyone considered) (consequences of actions)

Question 19

Criterion 3 links between theory & considered judgement have to line up because _________ helps shape theories (its principle/ rule ) & a _________ sheds light on judgement & helps conflicts between judgement & other moral statements

Answer 19

Considered Judgement, A good Theory

Question 20

Consequentialist (telologist)

Answer 20

Say that what makes an action right is its consequences (The rightness of the action depends on how good it produce)

Question 21

What are two main types of Utilitarianism?

Answer 21

1. Act Utilitarianism
2. Rule- Utilitarianism

Question 22

Ethical Egoism

Answer 22

Says that morally right actions is the one that produces the most favorable balance of good over evil (For yourself, the action that benefits you the most)

Question 23

Coherence

Answer 23

Is eligible to be evaluated using the criteria of adequancy

Question 24

Moral criteria of adequancy

Answer 24

Used to evaluate the adequnacy of moral theories

Question 25

Utilitariiansism

Answer 25

Says that the morally right action is the one that produces the most favorable balance of good over evil (Everyone considered, the right action maximizes good)

Question 26

Natural Law Theory

Answer 26

That the morally right action is the one that follows the dicates of nature (The morally right action is the one that follows human nature)

Question 27

Theories of obligation

Answer 27

Moral theories concerned with the rightness or wrongness of actions (what makes an action right or wrong)

Question 28

Lying is immoral because it goes against human nature

Telling the truth is natural for human because they are social creatures with an inborn tendency to care about the welfare of others

Truth telling helps humans get along, maintain viable societies & show respect

Lying is therefore unnatural & wrong… is an example of what type of arugment?

Answer 28

Natural Law argument

Question 29

Divine Command Theory

Answer 29

Morally right action is the one that god commands (ten commendments)

Question 30

What are examples of moral experience?

Answer 30

1. We sometimes make a moral judgement
2. We often give reasons for a particular moral beliefs
3. We are sometimes mistaken in our moral beliefs
4. We occasionally have moral disagreements
5. We occasionally commit wrongful acts

Question 31

Considered moral judgement based on critarion 1

Answer 31

Data relvant to that issue that a moral theory supposed to explain

Question 32

Considered moral judgements

Answer 32

Are carefully made moral judgement about cases & issues that are bias free as possible

Question 33

Moral Theory

Answer 33

Is an explaination of what makes an action right or what makes a person or thing good (How right the action is )

Question 34

How would Criterion 1 be worth evalauting?

Answer 34

A plausible scientific theory must be consistent with the data it was introdcued to explain (Like if it was meant to explain a epidemic then must account for the nature of the disease & etc)

Question 35

Rule Utilitarianism

Answer 35

Says that morall y right action is the one covered by a rule that if generally followed would produce the most favorable balance of good over evil (Everyone, Considered, the consequences of ruling a rule )