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Bioethics > Evaluating Moral Arguments > Flashcards

Evaluating Moral Arguments Flashcards

1
Q

Strong Inductive Arugments

A

Gives probable support to the conculsion

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2
Q

An arugments depend on its ______, not whether its true or not

A

Its form

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3
Q

A bad argument

A

Fails to show its conculsion is worth believing & it gives no good reasoning for a claim

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4
Q

Conclusion

A

Is the statement that is being supported by the other statements

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5
Q

Conditional Arguments

A

Have at least one conditional premise(a premise in an if-then pattern)(If p, then q)

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6
Q

Implicit Premise

A

When there is a logically gap between premise & conculsion, so readers fill in the blank (assume)

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7
Q

Murder is wrong; a circle is not a square are examples of what?

A

A statement

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8
Q

Deductive Arguments

A

Give logically conculsive support to their conculsion

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9
Q

What is the structure(form) of affirming the consequent?

A

If p, then q

q.

Therefore, p.

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10
Q

What are the structure(forms) of arguments that are always Invalid?

A
  1. Denying the antecedent
  2. Affirming the consequent
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11
Q

What is the structure(form) of a hypothetical syllogism?

A

If p, then q

If q, then r

Therefore, if p, then r

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12
Q

For a statement to be accepted, it needs _______ ________ to back it up

A

Good Reasoning( The better the reasons the more likely to accept it)

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13
Q

Through moral reasoing we determine what is _______ & _______

A

Right & Wrong

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14
Q

What are the two parts of a conditional premise?

A
  1. Antecedent
  2. Consequent
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15
Q

Hypothetical syllogism

A

Is a conditional 3-statment deductive arugment

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16
Q

Implicit premise must always _____ in content with the author’s message & theme

A

Stay in content

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17
Q

Arugmentation (the presentation of an argument)

A

Is when you present reasons why a particular assertion is true

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18
Q

It is reasonable to suppose that, odds are, & chances are, are what type of indicators words?

A

Inductive arugment indicators

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19
Q

Statement

A

is an assertion that something is true or false

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20
Q

If Maria walks to work, then she will be late

She will not walk to work

Therefore, she will not be late….. is an example of what?

A

Denying the antecedent

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21
Q

Arugment

A

Is a group of statements, where one statement is supported by the rest

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22
Q

What is the form of Modus Ponens?

A

If p, then q

p.

Therefore, q.

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23
Q

If maria walks to work, then she will be late

She is walking to work

Therefore, she will be late… is an example of what?

A

Arugment’s structure

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24
Q

Independent Premise

A

Supports a conculsion without relying on other premise

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25
Q

Sound Arguments

A

Is a valid arugment with true premise

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26
Q

But there were no such indications… is an example of what?

A

Dependent Premise

27
Q

Inductive Arguments

A

Offer only probable support for their conculsion

28
Q

What is the form of denying the antecedent?

A

If p, then q.

not p.

Therefore, not q

29
Q

Thus, So, It must be that, & as a result are what type of indicator words?

A

Conculsion Indicators

30
Q

Valid Arguments

A

If the premise is true then, the conculsion is true

31
Q

What is the form of Modus Tollens?

A

They deny the consequent so: If p, then q.

not q.

Therefore, not p.

32
Q

Invalid arugments

A

Doesnt offer conculsive support for the conculsion

33
Q

If Maria walks to work, then she will be late

If she is late, she will be fired

Therefore, if Maria walks to work, she will be fired… is what type of argument?

A

Hypothetical syllogism

34
Q

Dependent Premise

A

Gives little or no support on its own & need assistance of another premise

35
Q

It necessarily follows that & it must be the case that are what type of indicator words?

A

Deductive arguments indicators

36
Q

All men are mortal

Socrates is a man

Therefore, socrates is mortal, is what type of argument?

A

Deductive Arguments

37
Q

Probably, Likely, & in all probabilty are what type of indicator words?

A

Inductive arguments indicators

38
Q

We use ___________ to figure out whether to _______/_______ a statement

A

Use critical reasoning, accept/believe

39
Q

Premise

A

The supporting statements in an arugment

40
Q

Critical reason(Thinking)

A

Is careful, systematics evulation of statements or claims

41
Q

Therefore, Consequently,& Hence, & itfollows that are what type of indicator words?

A

Conculsion Indicators

42
Q

Inductive arguments can have a ______ premise & ______ conculsion

A

True Premise, False Conculsion

43
Q

Indicator Words

A

Are terms that often appear in an argument & signal that a premise or conculsion is nearby

44
Q

Cogent Argument

A

Is a strong argument with true premise

45
Q

Weak Inductive argument

A

Doesnt give probable support ot the conculsion

46
Q

If Maria walks to work, then she will be late

She will be late

Therefore, she will walk to work… is an example of what?

A

Affirming the consequent

47
Q

Moral reasoning is _______ _______ applied to ethics

A

Critcial Reasoning

48
Q

Consequent

A

Part that follows “then”

49
Q

What is an argument structure

A

If p, then q.

p.

Therefore, q.

50
Q

Most reliable way to identify arugments is to look for the ________ first

A

The conculsion

51
Q

If John killed bill in Self-Defense, he didnt commit murder. He did act in self-defense. Therefore, he didnt commit murder. What are the premise(s) and conculsion in this statement

A

Premises: 1. If John killed bill in self-defense, he didnt commit murder

  1. He did act in self -defense

Conclusion: Therefore, he didnt commit murder

52
Q

Persuasion

A

Is to influence a person’s opinion by any means like emotional appeal, deception, threat, etc

53
Q

What re the common pattern in an argument?

A

Has at least one premise to support the conculsion

54
Q

Argument Diagraming

A

When you break up whatever your reading into premise & conculsion & get rid of everything else

55
Q

Because, since,For, Given that, due to the fact that are what type of Indicator words?

A

Premise Indicators

56
Q

Any arugment that has a struture that is modus ponens, modus tollens, & hypothetical are _______

A

Valid

57
Q

It logically follows that, Conclusively, & necessarily are what type of indicator words?

A

Deductive Arguments Indicators

58
Q

Counterexample method

A

Based on the fact that its impossible for a valid argument to have a true premise & false conculsion, so end up making a twin arugment with the same structure to test its validity

59
Q

A good argument

A

Shows its conculsion is worth believing & gives good reasons to accept a claim

60
Q

Antecedent

A

Part that beigins with “if”

61
Q

A good argument must be ____ or ______

A

Valid or Strong

62
Q

For the reason that, the reason being, assuming that, & as indicated by are what type of Indicator words?

A

Premise Indicators

63
Q

What are the two basic types of arguments

A
  1. Deductive Arugments
  2. Inductive Arugments
64
Q

Almost all the men inn this college have high SAT scores.

Therefore, Julio (a male student at this college) probably has high SAT scores , is what type of arugment

A

Inductive Argument

Bioethics (6 decks)

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