Power & Leadership

Question 1

What is Power?

Answer 1

Capacity that A has to influence behaviour of B

Question 2

Bases of Power?

Answer 2

Coercive: Out of fear and force

Reward: Incentives

Legitimate: Based on leader’s position

Expert: Position ex. Doctors are experts in their field

Referent: Likeability, charisma, status

Question 3

Evaluating the bases of powers: (Most likely employee response)

Answer 3

Coercive - Resistance
Reward - Compliance
Legitimate - Compliance
Expert - Commitment
Referent - Commitment

Question 4

Dependency: Key to power - Do people depend on it?

Answer 4

Importance:
Ex. Rich people don’t need jobs

Scarcity:
How rare are your skills

Non Substitutability:
Can skills/person be substituted for something else?

Question 5

Influence Tactics

Answer 5

• Rational Persuasion
• Inspirational Appeals
• Consultation
• Ingratiation
• Reward/Referent
• Personal Appeals
• Exchange
• Coalition Tactics
• Pressure
• Legitimating Tactics

Question 6

What is Rational Persuasion?

Answer 6

Rational arguments - Experts can use this well because they have that power

Question 7

What is Inspirational Appeals

Answer 7

Appeal with inspiration - Referent

Question 8

What is Consultation?

Answer 8

Consult ppl to get input - Reward/Referent

Question 9

What is Ingratiation?

Answer 9

Flattery and sucking up to someone, complement - Reward/Referent

Question 10

What are Personal appeals?

Answer 10

Asking for a personal favour - Referent

Question 11

What is an Exchange?

Answer 11

exchanging reward for behaviour - Reward

Question 12

What are coalition tactics?

Answer 12

Weak as 1 strong in many - Coercive

Question 13

What is empowerment?

Answer 13

Freedom & Ability of employees to make decisions and commitments

Question 14

What are some problems with empowerment?

Answer 14

• Employee’s might abuse power
• Manager’s don’t have as much power anymore
• Manager’s lose jobs

Question 15

What are the Trait Theories? (1940-50)

Answer 15

• What traits make a good leader?
• Leaders are born, not made.
  Characteristics: Physical characteristics
• Personality: Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Emotional Intelligence
• Problems: Different types of leaders

Question 16

What are the Behavioural Theories? (1950-60)

Answer 16

• Leaders can be made

- Specific behaviours differentiate leaders from nonleaders:

Question 16

What are the Behavioural Theories? (1950-60)

Answer 16

• Leaders can be made

- Specific behaviours differentiate leaders from nonleaders:

Question 17

What are the Behavioural Theories? (1950-60)

Answer 17

• Leaders can be made
• Specific behaviours differentiate leaders from non leaders:
  • Task-oriented
  • Employee-oriented

Question 18

What are the situational theories? (1960-70)

Answer 18

• Knowing WHEN to behave

- Stress importance of context

Question 19

What is the path-goal theory?

Answer 19

• Effective leaders clarify the path to achieve work goals

- Subordinates approve leaders behaviour as a source of immediate/future satisfaction

Question 20

Leadership Behaviours

Answer 20

• Directive (task-oriented)
• Supportive (employee-oriented)
• Participative
• Achievement-oriented

Question 21

What are the 2 inspirational leadership theories?

Answer 21

1. Transactional Leadership

2. Transformational Leadership

Question 22

What is Charismatic

Leadership Theory? What are some characteristics?

Answer 22

• Followers make attributions of heroic/extraordinary leadership abilities

-Characteristics:
- Vision & Articulation
- Personal Risk
- Sensitivity to followers’
needs
- Unconventional
Behaviour

Question 23

What is Transformational Leadership?

Answer 23

• Focus on vision
• Use charisma and enthusiasm for motivation
• Are proactive in nature

Question 24

What is transactional leadership?

Answer 24

• Very structured
• “telling” leadership style
• Use rewards & Punishments for motivation
• reactive