Power & Leadership Flashcards
What is Power?
Capacity that A has to influence behaviour of B
Bases of Power?
Coercive: Out of fear and force
Reward: Incentives
Legitimate: Based on leader’s position
Expert: Position ex. Doctors are experts in their field
Referent: Likeability, charisma, status
Evaluating the bases of powers: (Most likely employee response)
Coercive - Resistance Reward - Compliance Legitimate - Compliance Expert - Commitment Referent - Commitment
Dependency: Key to power - Do people depend on it?
Importance:
Ex. Rich people don’t need jobs
Scarcity:
How rare are your skills
Non Substitutability:
Can skills/person be substituted for something else?
Influence Tactics
- Rational Persuasion
- Inspirational Appeals
- Consultation
- Ingratiation
- Reward/Referent
- Personal Appeals
- Exchange
- Coalition Tactics
- Pressure
- Legitimating Tactics
What is Rational Persuasion?
Rational arguments - Experts can use this well because they have that power
What is Inspirational Appeals
Appeal with inspiration - Referent
What is Consultation?
Consult ppl to get input - Reward/Referent
What is Ingratiation?
Flattery and sucking up to someone, complement - Reward/Referent
What are Personal appeals?
Asking for a personal favour - Referent
What is an Exchange?
exchanging reward for behaviour - Reward
What are coalition tactics?
Weak as 1 strong in many - Coercive
What is empowerment?
Freedom & Ability of employees to make decisions and commitments
What are some problems with empowerment?
- Employee’s might abuse power
- Manager’s don’t have as much power anymore
- Manager’s lose jobs
What are the Trait Theories? (1940-50)
- What traits make a good leader?
- Leaders are born, not made.
Characteristics: Physical characteristics - Personality: Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Emotional Intelligence
- Problems: Different types of leaders
What are the Behavioural Theories? (1950-60)
- Leaders can be made
- Specific behaviours differentiate leaders from nonleaders:
What are the Behavioural Theories? (1950-60)
- Leaders can be made
- Specific behaviours differentiate leaders from nonleaders:
What are the Behavioural Theories? (1950-60)
- Leaders can be made
- Specific behaviours differentiate leaders from non leaders:
- Task-oriented
- Employee-oriented
What are the situational theories? (1960-70)
- Knowing WHEN to behave
- Stress importance of context
What is the path-goal theory?
- Effective leaders clarify the path to achieve work goals
- Subordinates approve leaders behaviour as a source of immediate/future satisfaction
Leadership Behaviours
- Directive (task-oriented)
- Supportive (employee-oriented)
- Participative
- Achievement-oriented
What are the 2 inspirational leadership theories?
- Transactional Leadership
2. Transformational Leadership
What is Charismatic
Leadership Theory? What are some characteristics?
- Followers make attributions of heroic/extraordinary leadership abilities
-Characteristics:
- Vision & Articulation
- Personal Risk
- Sensitivity to followers’
needs
- Unconventional
Behaviour
What is Transformational Leadership?
- Focus on vision
- Use charisma and enthusiasm for motivation
- Are proactive in nature
What is transactional leadership?
- Very structured
- “telling” leadership style
- Use rewards & Punishments for motivation
- reactive
