Power and the People KI1 Flashcards
What factors caused King John to be outnumbered and sign the Magna Carta? (June 1215)
Political- John accused of having his nephew Arthur murdered after succession
Military- lost land in 1204 to the French. “Soft sword”
Economic- used scutage 11 times. John de Lacy paid £4666 to inherit lands
Archbishop Canterbury excommunicated him so religious services banned.
Ppl blamed john for not going to church
Did signing the MC challenge Royal authority?
YES: John was overpowered at Runnymede and was forced to sign.
The barons with stephen langton drew their own list of demands.
BUT: Pope declared the charter invalid, John and Barons had another civil war.
Barons allied with scotland and invited prince Louis to be crowned. He brought an army with him in 1216.
Give short term effects of the MC
Short term: king brought under the law, huge success for the barons.
In the civil war john was able to get the town of Berwick but lacked money/support to defeat other barons. John died Oct 1216.
9 year old Henry inherited the throne, a council of barons would rule.
Give longer term effects of the MC
Longer term: the philippines government declared in 2010 that there should be a magna carta for women.
Sir Edward Coke: “MC is such a fellow that he will have no sovereign.”
What factors caused Simon de Montfort to fight in the second Baron’s war? (1264–1267)
Political- King Henry iii= arbitrary ruler, lost 2 major wars with France. Economic- perpetually short of money.
Relied on the Lusignan french family for advice so barons felt alienated
Personal?- H put S on trial 3 times. Married H sister, but was never given the dowry.
Judicial- sheriffs had royal favouritism.
1233: royal favourites accused of making money off rivals, henry forced to sack some officials.
Did the second barons war challenge Royal authority?
YES: de Montfort captured Henry and his son Edward in the Battle of Lewes in 1264. He became the de facto ruler.
NO: high handed ways alienated many barons. Edward escaped, giving focus for opposition.
Aug 1265. Henry and Edward with 18000 knights fight Simon, slicing his body at the battle of Evesham.
Give short and long term effects of the second barons war.
Short term: Jan 1265: first time commoners were invited to parliament and their problems addressed in exchange for tax. S reissued MC.
Longer term: Although S killed in 1265, his actions set a precedent: H and E felt need to summon the commons in exchange for taxation. The father of parliament
What factors caused the peasants revolt? (1381)
1315-17: 50% drop in harvest
nearly 50% sheep died.
Poll tax needed to fund failing french war caused huge protest. 3rd poll tax= 2 weeks wages.
The black death killed 50% of population in 1348= a shortage of labourers: Redheath demanded landlords reduce rent by 33%.
Villagers requested Doomsday book to challenge laws.
Statute of labourers 1351 meant everyone under 60 had to work.
Sumptuary laws further enforced class divide.
Did the Peasants revolt challenge Royal authority?
YES: Disputes in kent meant John ball freed from prison. Jun 7- Wat Tyler led the rebels, killing Royal officials.
Set off to London on 12 Jun with 1000 men. treasurer Robert Hales and archbishop Sudbury beheaded.
NO: 15 Jun: Tyler killed in a scuffle, Richard ii diffused situation, then 2000-7000 rebels were rounded up and killed.
Give short and long term effects of the Peasants revolt
Short term: failure: leaders killed, king betrayed the rebels.
Longer term: struck fear in leaders.
By 1450 all Villiers freed, they could work for wages wherever.
600 years later, Poll tax rioters chose the same route to follow as the peasants revolt.
John Ball inspired 19th cent socialists.
