power and the people - 19th century

Question 1

What were the issues with the electoral system in the 19th century?

Answer 1

King and major landowners controlled the country
New towns had no representation
Rotten boroughs had 2 mps
Women couldn’t vote
No secret ballot meant they could be easily bribed

Question 2

When was the peterloo massacre?

Answer 2

1819

Question 3

How many people went to hear Henry hunt speak?

Answer 3

60,000

Question 4

How many people were killed and injured in the peterloo massacre?

Answer 4

600 injured
15 killed

Question 5

What was the cause of the peterloo massacre?

Answer 5

The local authorities panicked as they were scared due to the french revolution

Question 6

What were the six acts?

Answer 6

A meeting of more than 50 people for radical reform was treason

Question 7

When was the great reform act?

Answer 7

1832

Question 8

Who were the party during the great reform act?

Answer 8

Whig party led by earl grey

Question 9

How many times did earl grey try to pass laws for a reform act?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What were the main points of the great reform act?

Answer 10

56 very small locations couldn’t elect their own mps
30 small towns lost one mp
Larger towns and cities were given more mps
People who earns over £150 a year could vote

Question 11

How many more people could vote after the great reform act?

Answer 11

435,000-> 642,000

Question 12

What were the impacts of the great reform act?

Answer 12

Merchants and industrialites gained more representation
Rotten boroughs were removed and larger towns got more representation
BUT most working class didn’t earn enough to vote
No secret ballot meant those who could vote had to vote for their factor/landowner

Question 13

What were the positives of the great reform act?

Answer 13

Reduced the power of the king and landowners
Proved change was possible

Question 14

What were the economic causes of Chartism?

Answer 14

Skilled workers were no longer needed because of new machinery
The poor law of 1834 sent people with financial problems to the workhouse

Question 15

What were the social causes of Chartist’s?

Answer 15

Most workers in the new towns and cities lived in poor conditions
Bad harvests in the 1830s meant many farmers couldn’t feed their families

Question 16

What were the political causes of Chartism?

Answer 16

The great reform act did not give the working calls the vote
There was still no secret ballot

Question 17

When did the chartist movement begin?

Answer 17

1836

Question 18

What were the two types of movement during the chartists?

Answer 18

Moral force
Physical force

Question 19

When was the third petition and were was it given?

Answer 19

1848
London

Question 20

What were the short term impacts of Chartism?

Answer 20

It failed because of :
Stron parliamentary opinion
Standard of living started to increase
Alternative working class movements grew
Divided leadership
Lacked on clear message

Question 21

What were the long term impacts of Chartism?

Answer 21

Long term campaigns for electoral reform were very successful
5 of the 6 aims were met by 1928

Question 22

When were the corn laws introduced?

Answer 22

1815

Question 23

Why were the corn laws introduced?

Answer 23

During wars with France Britain banned cheap french wheat
Without any competition British farmers got high prices for the wheat they grew
When the war ended many politicians wanted to keep the high prices

Question 24

What were the corn laws?

Answer 24

Kept the price of wheat high by banning cheap non British wheat

Question 25

Who were the two main members of the anti corn law league?

Answer 25

Richard Cobden John bright

Question 26

What did the anti corn law league use as their tactics?

Answer 26

Gave speeches Created pamphlets Published newspaper articles Used the railways to travel faster Sent pamphlets through the penny post to every eligible voter

Question 27

When were the corn laws repealed?

Answer 27

1846

Question 28

Why did Robert peel have to resign?

Answer 28

After repealing the corn laws he faced a lot of opposition from his party

Question 29

how many slaves died on the ships?

Answer 29

1/3

Question 30

why did people begin to believe slavery was wrong?

Answer 30

the comparison of conditions in the factories for workers religious beliefs slavery was not Christian

Question 31

who was William Wilberforce?

Answer 31

an MP who spoke for abolition in parliament and presented a petition in 1797

Question 32

who was Granville Sharp?

Answer 32

argued in law courts to free slaves

Question 33

who was Thomas Clarkson?

Answer 33

collected information about conditions on board slave ships

Question 34

who was Olaudah Equiano?

Answer 34

former slave who wrote a book about his life

Question 35

who were the Maroon slaves?

Answer 35

escaped from their plantation in Jamaica in 1655 - they lived in the mountains and celebrated their native African culture

Question 36

when was the slave trade abolished?

Answer 36

1807

Question 37

when was the potato famine in Ireland?

Answer 37

1846

Question 38

when was the abolition of slavery act and what did it do?

Answer 38

1833 slave ownership was banned

Question 39

who were the supporters of the abolition of slavery?

Answer 39

middle class factory workers fighting for better conditions

Question 40

what were the methods for protesting for the abolition of slavery?

Answer 40

petitions speeches in parliament pamphlets public meetings

Question 41

who didn't support the abolition of slavery?

Answer 41

many MPs because they were part of the landowning class who made money from slavery

Question 42

who did the 1833 act free?

Answer 42

only those under 6 - took 4 more years for the others

Question 43

what was the short term impact of the abolition of slavery?

Answer 43

they still had to live and work in horrible conditions they were now forced to compete for paid work smuggling became widespread and was not regulated

Question 44

what were the consequences of protest and change in the 19th century?

Answer 44

showed the strength of public boycotts showed how groups with one aim had more success than those with multiple

Question 45

when did the industrial revolution start?

Answer 45

around 1750

Question 46

what were conditions like in factories?

Answer 46

very poor children as young as 4 worked in mines as young as 6 worked in factories very dangerous - many lost limbs and their lives working hours were very long

Question 47

what type of reform did Lord Shaftesbury want?

Answer 47

in factories and social

Question 48

what was lord Shaftesbury's motivation?

Answer 48

Christian faith improving the lives of children at work and socially

Question 49

what did lord shaftebury campaign for?

Answer 49

more education for factory children

Question 50

when was the ten hours bill and what did it do?

Answer 50

1833 limited the hours children under 9 could work

Question 51

what happened in 1840?

Answer 51

children's employment commission was set up

Question 52

when was the mines and collieries act and what did it do?

Answer 52

1842 prohibited the employment of women and children underground

Question 53

when was the combination act and what did it do?

Answer 53

1825 allowed workers in factories to come together in trade unions to negotiate wages and conditions but nothing else

Question 54

what were the main protest methods of the trade unions?

Answer 54

strikes and pickets some violent protesting

Question 55

how many tolpuddle martyrs where there?

Answer 55

6 - led by George loveless

Question 56

when did the tolpuddle martyrs meet?

Answer 56

1834

Question 57

why did the tolpuddle martyrs meet?

Answer 57

fewer farm labourers were needed and wages were dropping

Question 58

what did the tolpuddle martyrs do and what happened?

Answer 58

swore an illegal oath to keep their trade union a secret they were sent to Australia for 7 years of work in the penal colony

Question 59

what was the GNCTU?

Answer 59

grand national consolidated trade union it aimed to bring all trade unions together under one organisation

Question 60

what happened when people found out about the tolpuddle martyrs?

Answer 60

Robert Owen called a meeting of the GNCTU and 10,000 attended supporters gathered petitions to have them returned in 1836 they succeeded

Question 61

What were new model unions?

Answer 61

Highly skilled men Could afford to pay subscriptions so they would get sick pay Didn’t want to destroy the structure they worked in Negotiated rather than going on strike

Question 62

When did trade unions become legal and why?

Answer 62

1870s The new model umpires got the governments consent

Question 63

When was the matchsticks girls strike?

Answer 63

1888

Question 64

Why did the matchstick girls strike?

Answer 64

Many women became ill in the factories due to poor conditions Known as ‘phossy jaw’ Paid poor wages Frequently fined

Question 65

Who was a key figure in the matchstick girls?

Answer 65

Annie Besant