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Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Weltpolitik?

A

The Kaiser wanting to transform Germany into a world power - It stands for world policy

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2
Q

What were some of the figures of the impact of the First World War on Germany?

A
  • Germany was virtually bankrupt - national income roughly 1/3 of what it was
  • Stress of the war led to a revolution in 1918 and the abdication of the Kaiser
  • Huge gaps in living standards
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3
Q

Who was the first the first German President and leader of the Social Democratic Party?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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4
Q

Who were the Sparticists?

A

They were a group who believed in the idea of communism

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5
Q

When did the Sparticists try to take over Berlin, and what happened?

A
  • January 1919
  • The Free Corps (ex-soldiers) got sent there, and there was brutal street fighting
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6
Q

Who did they arrest and murder from the Sparticists?

A

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, the leads

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7
Q

How was the Weimar Republic born?

A

The newly elected politicians met up in Weimar discussing how to run Germany, because of the violence in Berlin

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8
Q

What was the structure of the Weimar Republic?

A

The President -> chancellor -> Reichstag -> the citizens

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9
Q

What did the President do?

A
  • Controlled Navy, army and air force, but stayed out of day to day running
  • But in a crisis he could rule by himself (article 48)
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10
Q

What is article 48?

A

Gives the president the right to rule in a time of crisis without the support of the Reichstag

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11
Q

What did the chancellor do?

A
  • chosen by the president
  • responsible for the day to day running of the country
  • must have support of at least half the MPs in the Reichstag to introduce laws
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12
Q

What did the Reichstag do?

A
  • discussed and introduced laws
  • the number of MPs in each political party was based on the number of votes they had (proportional representation)
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13
Q

What was the difference in the price of an egg from 1914-23?

A

1914 - 0.9 marks -> 1923 - 320,000,000,000 marks

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14
Q

What happened in the Kapp Putsch?

A
  • Wolfgang Kapp gathered thousands of Free corps and took over Berlin
  • He aimed to eventually take over the whole country, make the army strong and recover the land lost on the TOV
  • President Ebert and the rest of government fled
  • However, he didn’t have the support of the workers, so they striked
  • After 100 hours Kapp gave up and fled
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15
Q

How did Hitler discover the German Workers Party?

A
  • in 1919 he was sent by the army to investigate new political groups
  • Hitler attended regularly because he liked what was being said
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16
Q

When did Hitler become leader of the Nazi Party?

A

July 1921

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17
Q

What key changes did Hitler make to the party?

A
  • he designed the swastika
  • set up the Stormtroopers, SA (private army made up of mostly ex-soldiers)
  • changed the name to the NSDAP (Nazi for short)
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18
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

8 November 1923

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19
Q

What did Hitler do in the Munich Putsch?

A
  • interrupted a meeting in a beer hall, where von Kahr, the head of the Bavarian government, was speaking
  • he fired a bullet into the ceiling and announced he would take over Bavaria
  • he locked Kahr and his companions in a room
  • General Ludendorff then walked in and said he supported
  • the SA took control of government buildings and arrested officials
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20
Q

What went wrong in the Munich Putsch?

A
  • Kahr promised to help him, and was released, but he contacted the police
  • when he began their march, he was met by armed police (Kahr had contacted them)
  • there was a short gun firing, where three police and 16 nazis where killed
  • Hitler was wounded, and him and Ludendorff where arrested
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21
Q

How long was Hitler in prison for and how long did his trial last?

A
  • Hitler was allowed to give a speech in his trial, which lasted 24 days
  • he used the audience to his advantage and put forward his ideas, this impressed the judges
  • he should of been executed for the crime, but he got given a 5 year sentence and Ludendorff was set free
  • He was released early, in 1924 after serving just 9 months
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22
Q

What did Hitler do wrong in the Putsch?

A
  • he didn’t do it on the day planned
  • he trusted Ludendorff with three hostages, he then let them go
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23
Q

Who were important people in cinema, and art in the golden age?

A
  • Cinema, Marlene Dietrich
  • Art, Otto Dix
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24
Q

What was the Dawes Plan?

A

An agreement between the USA and European countries which allowed US loans to be given out to countries (especially Germany), in order for them to build factories and roads to stimulate the economy

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25
Q

Why did Müllers government fail during the Wall St Crash?

A
  • the coalition could not agree action to tackle the depression
  • he asked President Hindenburg to grant him emergency powers under Article 48, but he was refused
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26
Q

Why did Brünings government fail during the Wall St Crash?

A
  • they made cuts and raised taxes
  • this made them very unpopular, and the economy still did not improve
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27
Q

Who replaced Brünings Government?

A

Franz Von Papen

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28
Q

What was the 1932 unemployment figure?

A

5.6 million

29
Q

What are the Nazi Party’s election figures?

A

1928 - 12 seats
July 1932 - 230 seats

30
Q

What were the Nazi strengths?

A
  • propaganda
  • Hitler was a good orator
  • the policies promised to help all people
  • organisations
31
Q

What were the communist party called?

A

KPD

32
Q

What happened when Hindenburg refused to appoint Hitler as chancellor?

A
  • he appointed Franz Von Papen as chancellor
  • but he could not rule the Reichstag as he had no support
  • he resigned and Kurt Von Schliecher became the chancellor
  • same thing happened again
33
Q

What made Hitler become chancellor?

A

DEPRESSION
Also Weakness of Weimar,Nazi Strengths, fear of communism and miscalculations of others

34
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

January 1933

35
Q

What were some limits to Hitlers power in 1933?

A

Hindenburg could dismiss Hitler
The nazis did not have a majority in the Reichstag
The army could remove the army from power

36
Q

When did the Reichstag fire happen?

A

27 February 1933

37
Q

What was the enabling act?

A

This allowed Hitler to pass decrees without the Reichstag, this made him a legal Dictator

38
Q

When was the enabling act?

A

March 1933

39
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives and what was it?

A

20 June 1934, Hitler ordered the SS to arrest and execute the leaders of the SA, including Ernst Rohm, estimated 401 people were killled

40
Q

When did Hitler become Fuhrer and why?

A

2 August 1934, Hindenburg died

41
Q

How did the Reichstag fire help the Nazis?

A
  • it hurt the KPD, so people did not vote for them
  • Hitler claimed there was an emergency, genuine fear of violence
  • he got article 48
  • he was able to pass the Decree for the Protection of the poeple and state
42
Q

Who was the leader of the SS and what did they do?

A

Heinrich Himmler, destroyed opposition + controlled Nazi camps

43
Q

Who were the Gestapo?

A

They were secret police who spied on people who could be a threat, they could arrest and imprison without a trial

44
Q

What was a key concentration camp?

A

Dachau

45
Q

What was Kinder, Kirche and Küche?

A

Children, kitchen and church (Nazi ideal for women)

46
Q

What was the gold mothers cross?

A

Awarded to women who have 8 children

47
Q

How many babies were there by 1939?

A

1.4 million

48
Q

What was in the curriculum in the Hitler Youth?

A

Eugenics (race studies), geography (where Germany would conquer), PE trebled, Maths (calculating how much disabled people cost the country)…

49
Q

What did teachers have to do?

A

Join the German Teachers League, put Nazi ideas across, identify future Nazi leaders who got sent to Napolas

50
Q

What was the timeline of the youth groups?

A

1933 - all other youth groups banned
1936- Incorporation of German Youth (Hitler Youth had equal status of school and home)
1939 - membership compulsory

51
Q

What was the name of the league that taught girls how to prepare for motherhood?

A

League of German Maidens

52
Q

Who were key groups the opposed the Hitler Youth?

A

Swing Youth
Edelweiss Pirates
Navajos

53
Q

What percentage of the population in Germany did Jews make up?

A

1%

54
Q

When was Kristallnacht and when was it?

A

1938, 91 Jews where killed, 400 synagogues destroyed, 7500 shops destroyed, 20000 Jews sent to concentration camps (as a German official was killled in France by a Jew)

55
Q

How many Jews were killed across Europe?

A

6 million

56
Q

Who else was persecuted?

A

Gypsies, homosexuals, mentally ill people, people with disabilities

57
Q

Who was head of Nazi Propaganda?

A

Josef Goebbles

58
Q

Who was part of the White Rose Group?

A

Sophie and Hans Scholl, they handed out anti Nazi leaflets

59
Q

When was the July Bomb plot and what was it?

A

1944
- a group tried to assassinate Hitler by placing a bomb in a room with him and other Nazi Leaders, it killed four men however only burned some of Hitlers hair and burst his eardrum

60
Q

Who was a key figure in the July Bomb plot?

A

Colonel Claus Von Stuaffenburg

61
Q

Who was the female filmaker that produced Nazi propaganda films?

A

Leni Refensthal

62
Q

What was the name of the conference that the Final Solution was decided?

A

Wannsee Conference

63
Q

What was the name for the master race?

A

Aaryans

64
Q

Who were some groups with active resistance to the Nazis?

A

White Rose Group, Edelweiss Pirates, Kreisau Circle

65
Q

When was rationing introduced and what was it?

A

November 1939, one egg per week, hot water for only 2 days a week, artificial goods

66
Q

What was the Bundestrat?

A

A group of German state representatives who supported the Kaiser

67
Q

What was the organisation that workers had to belong to?

A

The DAF (German Labour Front)

68
Q

When did Germany join the League of Nations?

A

1926

History (4 decks)

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