Elizabeth Flashcards
1
Q
What is the word used to describe how Elizabeth ensured loyalty by giving titles?
A
Patronage
2
Q
What body advised Elizabeth how to govern?
A
Privy council
3
Q
What MP was put in the Tower of London for discussing Elizabeths marriage?
A
Peter wentworth
4
Q
Who was Robert devereaux?
A
Earl of Essex
5
Q
What year was Robert devereux executed?
A
1601
6
Q
What was the population from 1558 to 1603?
A
2.8 -> 4 million
7
Q
What year was the poor law?
A
1601
8
Q
What was the name of the ship drake circumnavigated the globe in?
A
The golden hind
9
Q
Which pope excommunicated Elizabeth and when?
A
1570 - pope pius
10
Q
What was the catholic plot against Elizabeth led by an Italian banker?
A
Ridolfi plot
11
Q
What Jesuit was executed for treason in 1581?
A
Edmund campion
12
Q
Who were two prominent puritans in her government?
A
Robert Dudley, sir Francis walsingham
13
Q
What plot led to the execution of Mary queen of Scot’s?
A
Babington plot
14
Q
What was the job of the Privy council?
A
To advise the queen
To direct policy
To control parliament on behalf of the queen
15
Q
What was the job of the royal court?
A
Political power
Propaganda to impress
Social hub for the monarch
16
Q
What was progress?
A
Elizabeth travelling with her court on tours, visiting homes of the nobility
17
Q
What was the role of the progress?
A
Propaganda, allowed people to see Elizabeth
Nobles had to pay the cost, saved Elizabeth money
18
Q
What was patronage?
A
To support certain loyal people by giving them key jobs
19
Q
Who was William Cecil?
A
The queens most trusted advisor
20
Q
What were the main conflicts between Elizabeth and parliament?
A
Puritans, marriage and succession, freedom of speech, monopolies
21
Q
What did puritans want Elizabeth to do?
A
To take action against the catholics
Wanted an heir that would be Protestants
Wanted Mary queen of Scot’s executed
Protestant religious policies
22
Q
What did Elizabeth ban people in parliament talking about?
A
Marriage and succession, they had openly started talking about this in 1566
23
Q
Who was Peter Wentworth?
A
He was arrested three times during Elizabeth’s reign for arguing that MPs should be able to talk about any matter
24
Q
What did MPS call unfair?
A
Monopolies, she gave a clever speech pretending she would change them however she didn’t
25
What did MPs think of punishing the poor?
The recognised it didn’t work for reducing crime, they pushed for the poor law (passed in 1601)
26
Who were Elizabeth’s potential suitors?
Robert Dudley
King Philip II
Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alencon
27
What was the issue with marrying Robert Dudley?
He was a key figure in royal court
Some people think he killed his wife
28
What were the issues with marrying King Philip?
He was a brother in law
He was catholic, issue on religion of thier child
29
What were the issues with marrying Francis?
Religion, what religion thier child would be
If she died childless, England would fall under french control
30
What are the key events of the Essex rebellion?
- Robert Devereux (earl of Essex) promoted to privy council
- he turns his back on the queen after she hit him
- in 1599 he is sent to Ireland to put down catholic rebels
- returns to England against her wishes
- bursts into her quarters when she is not dressed
- he is put under house arrest
- wanted to act on William Cecil and the privy council
- marched to London, was tried for treason and executed
31
When was the Essex rebellion?
1601
32
What was the population in 1558?
2.8 million
33
What was the population in 1603?
4 million
34
How did buildings develop in the Elizabethan times?
- symmetrical
- influenced by Italian renaissance
- chimneys
35
Who owned burghley house?
William cecil
36
How did fashion develop in Elizabethan times?
- became more elaborate
- were very important
37
What are some specific facts to do with fashion?
Sumptuary law - social ranking with clothes
The ruff
Doublet
38
What did fashion show about Elizabethan England?
The gentry wanted to show off their wealth
39
How was the great chain of being showed by theatre?
The richer you were, the better seats you would get
Classes were segregated
Poor would be ‘groundlings’
40
When did the Rose theatre open?
1587
41
When did the globe open?
1599
42
What was the nicknames given to the groundlings?
Penny stinkards
43
What was the best seat at the theatre called and where was it?
Lords Room - above the stage to show off
44
How did art develop in Elizabethan England?
Decorative silverware and textiles became important signs of wealth
45
What other things developed in Elizabethan England?
Poetry was increasingly popular
Education was seen as increasingly important
Significant breakthroughs in science + technology
46
How did failures in agriculture lead to poverty?
There were bad harvests in 1594 + 98
This lead people to die of starvation
Farming developed, landowners began to keep sheep rather than renting out land (land enclosure)
This left many people jobless and homeless
47
How did the economy affect poverty?
Henry VIII debased coins in 1542 (made them out of less expensive metals)
Foreign traders therefore wanted more coins for their goods
This damaged trades and jobs, specifically the cloth trade
48
How did the population affect poverty?
It gre from 2million to 4.8 million under Elizabeth’s reign
There were limited places to live
Landlords increases rents unfairly
There was more competition for jobs….
49
How did the population affect poverty?
It gre from 2million to 4.8 million under Elizabeth’s reign
There were limited places to live
Landlords increases rents unfairly
There was more competition for jobs….
50
How did inflation lead to poverty?
Bad harvests led to less food, so there was a price inflation
A bad outbreak of flu killed many workers who worked producing food
51
What was Elizabeth’s attitude towards the poor?
They were underserving poor (vagabonds, beggars and idle poor)
They were put in stocks and flogged
52
What did the general population think of the poor?
There was a greater acceptance that they should help
There were more people in poverty due to no fault of their own
53
What was the local project in Croydon?
Almhouses, Archbishop of Whitgift
Built in 1596 + provided houses for over 60s
54
What was the local project in York?
Expected to work under Elizabeth’s reign
Beggar licences (Tudor times)
House of Correction - BAD
55
What was the local project in Norwich?
Idle poor where given work such as knitting
Unfortunate poor where give food + support
The rich were taxed more
56
What was the local project in Ipswich?
Licensing system for beggars
Hospitals helped people who couldn’t afford treatment
Youth training schemes
57
What was the Poor Law?
Compulsory nationwide tax for the rich
Local areas had to provide indoor (workhouses) and outdoor (money,food) relief
58
How effective were the Poor Laws?
Lasted for 200 years
In consistent - many areas didn’t fulfil the requirements
Law only applied to people living within the parish
Still punished beggars
Didn’t end poverty
59
What were the causes of exploration?
Naval power
Empire
Spain (weakening)
Trade
60
What were the motives for drakes voyage?
Pirate, trying to make a profit
Exploring, wanted to find new maps
Find new trade routes
Attack the Spanish
61
What ship did drake want to capture and how much money did it have?
Neustra Señora - £480 million
62
What new route did Drake find?
Drakes passage
63
What new route did Drake find?
Drakes passage
64
What did drake do?
Circumnavigated the globe
65
What was the nickname for drake?
El Draque
66
Who was john Hawkins and what did he do?
Key figure in Elizabeth’s court
Responsible for building up the Royal Navy
A commander in the battle against the Spanish Armada
From 1562 became involved in the slave trade (captures several hundred west Africans)
Introduced tobacco to England
67
Who was Sir Walter Raleigh and what did he do?
He was a Protestant and that was very loyal to Elizabeth
Spent years in Ireland fighting catholic rebels
Became a favourite of the queen
Went on voyages to try and find El Dorado
Tried to establish a colony in North America
68
Why was Walter Raleigh executed?
He defied the kings intrstuctions by attacking the spanish
69
When was Walter Raleigh executed?
29 October 1618
70
What state did Raleigh name after Elizabeth?
Virginia
71
What were the two acts that allowed some catholic traditions?
1559 act of uniformity
1563 thirty nine articles
72
When was the northern earls rebellion?
1569
73
When was the northern earls rebellion?
1569
74
What was the northern earls rebellion?
The catholic earls of Northumberland hatched a plant to get Mary, Queen of Scot’s out of jail and onto the throne
They gathered an army of 6000 soldiers in attempt to return England to Catholicism
75
What was Elizabeth’s action after the northern earls rebellion?
She sent a huge army to crush the rebellion
She put 800 soldiers to death
The two earls fled to Scotland
76
When was the ridolfi plot?
1571
77
What was the ridolfi plot?
Roberto Ridolfi planned to assassinate Elizabeth and put Mary queen of Scot’s on the throne
He had the support of Philip II, the Duke of Norfolk and Mary herself
78
What did Elizabeth do when she found out about the ridolfi plot?
It was uncovered by Cecil
Ridolfi and the Spanish ambassador where arrested and expelled from the country
79
When was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
80
What was the throckmorton plot?
Francis throckmorton organised a french army (paid by the pope and King Philip II of Spain) to invade England and replace Elizabeth with Mary
81
What did Elizabeth do after she heard about the throckmorton plot?
Throckmorton was executed
Mary was moved to Tutbury castle (Staffordshire) and was held in isolation and allowed no visitors
82
When was the babington plot?
1586
83
What was the babington plot?
Sir Anthony Babington planned to rescue Mary from jail and murder Elizabeth
Secret letters between Mary and the plotters where discovered
84
What did Elizabeth do about the babington plot?
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, babington and six other plotters
85
When did the pope excommunicate Elizabeth?
1570
86
What was a Papel Bull?
Means she was no longer recognised in Catholicism
She would not go to heaven
Gave people the ‘invitation’ to kill her
87
Who is Mary queen of Scot’s?
Distance cousin to Elizabeth
Became queen of Scotland in 1542 at 8 days old
Went to France until the kings death in 1560
Protestant faith had increased, she was forced to flee to england
88
What was the threat to the peace in England?
England Protestants responded to Mary’s arrival with fear
Privy council members advised to execute her, Elizabeth was hesitant
Instead she was on house arrest
89
How long was Mary queen of Scot’s on house arrest?
19 years
90
How was the babington plot uncovered?
Marys sergeants were spies for Francis walsingham, Elizabeth’s spy master
The messages were decoded
91
What was Elizabeth’s religous settlement?
The middle way
92
What are jesuits?
Missionaries were sent to England to try and convert Protestants to Catholicism
Edmunds campions mission
93
When was Edmund’s campions mission to England?
1580-81
94
What happened when Edmund campions was caught?
He was convicted of high treason
Tortured for several months in the Tower of London
95
When were anti catholic laws passed?
1580
96
What were recusancy fines and when were they raised?
Fines for catholics who did not take place is Protestant services was raised to £20
1581
97
What act was passed in 1585?
Against jesuits and seminary priest
Catholic priests were considered traitors and ordered to leave the country
98
What law was passed in 1593?
Statute of confinement
Catholics needed permission to travel more than 5 miles from home
99
Who were puritan members of the privy council?
Robert Dudley
Francis walsingham
100
Why did Spain try to invade England?
They wanted to conquer England
Philip II wanted the world to be catholic
Protestants were rebelling in Holland (which Spain owned) and elgnald supported
101
When was the Spanish Armada?
1588
102
Who was in charge of the Spanish Armada?
Duke of medina Sedona
103
What was the problem with the Duke of medina Sedona?
He had never fought at sea
He falls sea sick
104
How many ships, sailors, soldiers and priests were there?
151 ships
7000 sailors
34000 soldiers
180 priests
105
Who was in command and second in commmand for England?
Lord Howard in command
Francis drake second in command
106
What issues did the Spanish face?
When they reached Holland the fleet were not ready, it took them days to get themselves together
The British let their fireships drift towards the Spanish
The fear caused chaos
107
Where did the Spanish ships scatter around?
Graveline
108
What was the main battle?
Battle of gravelines
109
Where were the Spanish forced to flee around?
Scotland and Ireland
110
What happened when the Spanish had to flee?
They had little supplies
Thousands of sailors drowned
Nobles were captured and sold back to Spain
111
How many ships went to the battle and how many returned?
151 went
65 came back
112
What happened to the English sailors after?
They were kept on the ships so they didn’t have to be payed
113
Why did the English defeat the Spanish Armada?
E - fireships S- ships struggled to cope
E - good commanders and tacticians S - inexperienced
E - boots were manoeuvrable S - Spanish ships were slow and hard to move
114
What were the consequences of the Spanish Armada defeat?
Proved England was a major naval power
There was stability and unity ( even catholics supported Elizabeth at a time of war)
Increased Elizabeth’s popularity
Golden age
115
What was theatre like before the 1570s?
Miracle plays based on bible stories
Government disapproved - scared of spread of disease
Puritans disapproved on religious grounds (blamed a 1580 earthquake on theatre)
There were no theatres
Acting was not considered a profession
116
What were the governments opinions on actors?
Thought they were a threat to law and order
1572 act punished them as vagabonds
117
What was Elizabeth’s thoughts on theatre?
She loved plays and often invited them to come and perform
118
What were lords thoughts on theatre?
They could spread propaganda and could influence the government and queen in turn
119
What were ordinary peoples opinions on theatre?
Great form of entertainment - cheap and affordable
120
How was patronage used with theatres?
Funding and protection - some companies win funding from nobles as they had potential for propaganda
121
What was the 1572 act in theatre?
Requires bands of actors to be licenced
122
What messages did plays include?
Subtle messages to flatter Elizabeth
Often referred to the great chain of being
123
Who were some successful playwrights?
William Shakespeare
Christopher Marlowe
