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Elizabeth Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the word used to describe how Elizabeth ensured loyalty by giving titles?

A

Patronage

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2
Q

What body advised Elizabeth how to govern?

A

Privy council

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3
Q

What MP was put in the Tower of London for discussing Elizabeths marriage?

A

Peter wentworth

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4
Q

Who was Robert devereaux?

A

Earl of Essex

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5
Q

What year was Robert devereux executed?

A

1601

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6
Q

What was the population from 1558 to 1603?

A

2.8 -> 4 million

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7
Q

What year was the poor law?

A

1601

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8
Q

What was the name of the ship drake circumnavigated the globe in?

A

The golden hind

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9
Q

Which pope excommunicated Elizabeth and when?

A

1570 - pope pius

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10
Q

What was the catholic plot against Elizabeth led by an Italian banker?

A

Ridolfi plot

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11
Q

What Jesuit was executed for treason in 1581?

A

Edmund campion

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12
Q

Who were two prominent puritans in her government?

A

Robert Dudley, sir Francis walsingham

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13
Q

What plot led to the execution of Mary queen of Scot’s?

A

Babington plot

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14
Q

What was the job of the Privy council?

A

To advise the queen
To direct policy
To control parliament on behalf of the queen

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15
Q

What was the job of the royal court?

A

Political power
Propaganda to impress
Social hub for the monarch

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16
Q

What was progress?

A

Elizabeth travelling with her court on tours, visiting homes of the nobility

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17
Q

What was the role of the progress?

A

Propaganda, allowed people to see Elizabeth
Nobles had to pay the cost, saved Elizabeth money

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18
Q

What was patronage?

A

To support certain loyal people by giving them key jobs

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19
Q

Who was William Cecil?

A

The queens most trusted advisor

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20
Q

What were the main conflicts between Elizabeth and parliament?

A

Puritans, marriage and succession, freedom of speech, monopolies

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21
Q

What did puritans want Elizabeth to do?

A

To take action against the catholics
Wanted an heir that would be Protestants
Wanted Mary queen of Scot’s executed
Protestant religious policies

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22
Q

What did Elizabeth ban people in parliament talking about?

A

Marriage and succession, they had openly started talking about this in 1566

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23
Q

Who was Peter Wentworth?

A

He was arrested three times during Elizabeth’s reign for arguing that MPs should be able to talk about any matter

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24
Q

What did MPS call unfair?

A

Monopolies, she gave a clever speech pretending she would change them however she didn’t

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25
Q

What did MPs think of punishing the poor?

A

The recognised it didn’t work for reducing crime, they pushed for the poor law (passed in 1601)

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26
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s potential suitors?

A

Robert Dudley
King Philip II
Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alencon

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27
Q

What was the issue with marrying Robert Dudley?

A

He was a key figure in royal court
Some people think he killed his wife

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28
Q

What were the issues with marrying King Philip?

A

He was a brother in law
He was catholic, issue on religion of thier child

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29
Q

What were the issues with marrying Francis?

A

Religion, what religion thier child would be
If she died childless, England would fall under french control

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30
Q

What are the key events of the Essex rebellion?

A
  • Robert Devereux (earl of Essex) promoted to privy council
  • he turns his back on the queen after she hit him
  • in 1599 he is sent to Ireland to put down catholic rebels
  • returns to England against her wishes
  • bursts into her quarters when she is not dressed
  • he is put under house arrest
  • wanted to act on William Cecil and the privy council
  • marched to London, was tried for treason and executed
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31
Q

When was the Essex rebellion?

A

1601

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32
Q

What was the population in 1558?

A

2.8 million

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33
Q

What was the population in 1603?

A

4 million

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34
Q

How did buildings develop in the Elizabethan times?

A
  • symmetrical
  • influenced by Italian renaissance
  • chimneys
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35
Q

Who owned burghley house?

A

William cecil

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36
Q

How did fashion develop in Elizabethan times?

A
  • became more elaborate
  • were very important
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37
Q

What are some specific facts to do with fashion?

A

Sumptuary law - social ranking with clothes
The ruff
Doublet

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38
Q

What did fashion show about Elizabethan England?

A

The gentry wanted to show off their wealth

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39
Q

How was the great chain of being showed by theatre?

A

The richer you were, the better seats you would get
Classes were segregated
Poor would be ‘groundlings’

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40
Q

When did the Rose theatre open?

A

1587

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41
Q

When did the globe open?

A

1599

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42
Q

What was the nicknames given to the groundlings?

A

Penny stinkards

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43
Q

What was the best seat at the theatre called and where was it?

A

Lords Room - above the stage to show off

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44
Q

How did art develop in Elizabethan England?

A

Decorative silverware and textiles became important signs of wealth

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45
Q

What other things developed in Elizabethan England?

A

Poetry was increasingly popular
Education was seen as increasingly important
Significant breakthroughs in science + technology

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46
Q

How did failures in agriculture lead to poverty?

A

There were bad harvests in 1594 + 98
This lead people to die of starvation
Farming developed, landowners began to keep sheep rather than renting out land (land enclosure)
This left many people jobless and homeless

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47
Q

How did the economy affect poverty?

A

Henry VIII debased coins in 1542 (made them out of less expensive metals)
Foreign traders therefore wanted more coins for their goods
This damaged trades and jobs, specifically the cloth trade

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48
Q

How did the population affect poverty?

A

It gre from 2million to 4.8 million under Elizabeth’s reign
There were limited places to live
Landlords increases rents unfairly
There was more competition for jobs….

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49
Q

How did the population affect poverty?

A

It gre from 2million to 4.8 million under Elizabeth’s reign
There were limited places to live
Landlords increases rents unfairly
There was more competition for jobs….

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50
Q

How did inflation lead to poverty?

A

Bad harvests led to less food, so there was a price inflation
A bad outbreak of flu killed many workers who worked producing food

51
Q

What was Elizabeth’s attitude towards the poor?

A

They were underserving poor (vagabonds, beggars and idle poor)
They were put in stocks and flogged

52
Q

What did the general population think of the poor?

A

There was a greater acceptance that they should help
There were more people in poverty due to no fault of their own

53
Q

What was the local project in Croydon?

A

Almhouses, Archbishop of Whitgift
Built in 1596 + provided houses for over 60s

54
Q

What was the local project in York?

A

Expected to work under Elizabeth’s reign
Beggar licences (Tudor times)
House of Correction - BAD

55
Q

What was the local project in Norwich?

A

Idle poor where given work such as knitting
Unfortunate poor where give food + support
The rich were taxed more

56
Q

What was the local project in Ipswich?

A

Licensing system for beggars
Hospitals helped people who couldn’t afford treatment
Youth training schemes

57
Q

What was the Poor Law?

A

Compulsory nationwide tax for the rich
Local areas had to provide indoor (workhouses) and outdoor (money,food) relief

58
Q

How effective were the Poor Laws?

A

Lasted for 200 years
In consistent - many areas didn’t fulfil the requirements
Law only applied to people living within the parish
Still punished beggars
Didn’t end poverty

59
Q

What were the causes of exploration?

A

Naval power
Empire
Spain (weakening)
Trade

60
Q

What were the motives for drakes voyage?

A

Pirate, trying to make a profit
Exploring, wanted to find new maps
Find new trade routes
Attack the Spanish

61
Q

What ship did drake want to capture and how much money did it have?

A

Neustra Señora - £480 million

62
Q

What new route did Drake find?

A

Drakes passage

63
Q

What new route did Drake find?

A

Drakes passage

64
Q

What did drake do?

A

Circumnavigated the globe

65
Q

What was the nickname for drake?

A

El Draque

66
Q

Who was john Hawkins and what did he do?

A

Key figure in Elizabeth’s court
Responsible for building up the Royal Navy
A commander in the battle against the Spanish Armada
From 1562 became involved in the slave trade (captures several hundred west Africans)
Introduced tobacco to England

67
Q

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh and what did he do?

A

He was a Protestant and that was very loyal to Elizabeth
Spent years in Ireland fighting catholic rebels
Became a favourite of the queen
Went on voyages to try and find El Dorado
Tried to establish a colony in North America

68
Q

Why was Walter Raleigh executed?

A

He defied the kings intrstuctions by attacking the spanish

69
Q

When was Walter Raleigh executed?

A

29 October 1618

70
Q

What state did Raleigh name after Elizabeth?

A

Virginia

71
Q

What were the two acts that allowed some catholic traditions?

A

1559 act of uniformity
1563 thirty nine articles

72
Q

When was the northern earls rebellion?

A

1569

73
Q

When was the northern earls rebellion?

A

1569

74
Q

What was the northern earls rebellion?

A

The catholic earls of Northumberland hatched a plant to get Mary, Queen of Scot’s out of jail and onto the throne
They gathered an army of 6000 soldiers in attempt to return England to Catholicism

75
Q

What was Elizabeth’s action after the northern earls rebellion?

A

She sent a huge army to crush the rebellion
She put 800 soldiers to death
The two earls fled to Scotland

76
Q

When was the ridolfi plot?

A

1571

77
Q

What was the ridolfi plot?

A

Roberto Ridolfi planned to assassinate Elizabeth and put Mary queen of Scot’s on the throne
He had the support of Philip II, the Duke of Norfolk and Mary herself

78
Q

What did Elizabeth do when she found out about the ridolfi plot?

A

It was uncovered by Cecil
Ridolfi and the Spanish ambassador where arrested and expelled from the country

79
Q

When was the Throckmorton Plot?

A

1583

80
Q

What was the throckmorton plot?

A

Francis throckmorton organised a french army (paid by the pope and King Philip II of Spain) to invade England and replace Elizabeth with Mary

81
Q

What did Elizabeth do after she heard about the throckmorton plot?

A

Throckmorton was executed
Mary was moved to Tutbury castle (Staffordshire) and was held in isolation and allowed no visitors

82
Q

When was the babington plot?

A

1586

83
Q

What was the babington plot?

A

Sir Anthony Babington planned to rescue Mary from jail and murder Elizabeth
Secret letters between Mary and the plotters where discovered

84
Q

What did Elizabeth do about the babington plot?

A

Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, babington and six other plotters

85
Q

When did the pope excommunicate Elizabeth?

A

1570

86
Q

What was a Papel Bull?

A

Means she was no longer recognised in Catholicism
She would not go to heaven
Gave people the ‘invitation’ to kill her

87
Q

Who is Mary queen of Scot’s?

A

Distance cousin to Elizabeth
Became queen of Scotland in 1542 at 8 days old
Went to France until the kings death in 1560
Protestant faith had increased, she was forced to flee to england

88
Q

What was the threat to the peace in England?

A

England Protestants responded to Mary’s arrival with fear
Privy council members advised to execute her, Elizabeth was hesitant
Instead she was on house arrest

89
Q

How long was Mary queen of Scot’s on house arrest?

A

19 years

90
Q

How was the babington plot uncovered?

A

Marys sergeants were spies for Francis walsingham, Elizabeth’s spy master
The messages were decoded

91
Q

What was Elizabeth’s religous settlement?

A

The middle way

92
Q

What are jesuits?

A

Missionaries were sent to England to try and convert Protestants to Catholicism
Edmunds campions mission

93
Q

When was Edmund’s campions mission to England?

A

1580-81

94
Q

What happened when Edmund campions was caught?

A

He was convicted of high treason
Tortured for several months in the Tower of London

95
Q

When were anti catholic laws passed?

A

1580

96
Q

What were recusancy fines and when were they raised?

A

Fines for catholics who did not take place is Protestant services was raised to £20
1581

97
Q

What act was passed in 1585?

A

Against jesuits and seminary priest
Catholic priests were considered traitors and ordered to leave the country

98
Q

What law was passed in 1593?

A

Statue of confinement
Catholics needed permission to travel more than 5 miles from home

99
Q

Who were puritan members of the privy council?

A

Robert Dudley
Francis walsingham

100
Q

Why did Spain try to invade England?

A

They wanted to conquer England
Philip II wanted the world to be catholic
Protestants were rebelling in Holland (which Spain owned) and elgnald supported

101
Q

When was the Spanish Armada?

A

1588

102
Q

Who was in charge of the Spanish Armada?

A

Duke of medina Sedona

103
Q

What was the problem with the Duke of medina Sedona?

A

He had never fought at sea
He falls sea sick

104
Q

How many ships, sailors, soldiers and priests were there?

A

151 ships
7000 sailors
34000 soldiers
180 priests

105
Q

Who was in command and second in commmand for England?

A

Lord Howard in command
Francis drake second in command

106
Q

What issues did the Spanish face?

A

When they reached Holland the fleet were not ready, it took them days to get themselves together
The British let their fireships drift towards the Spanish
The fear caused chaos

107
Q

Where did the Spanish ships scatter around?

A

Graveline

108
Q

What was the main battle?

A

Battle of gravelines

109
Q

Where were the Spanish forced to flee around?

A

Scotland and Ireland

110
Q

What happened when the Spanish had to flee?

A

They had little supplies
Thousands of sailors drowned
Nobles were captured and sold back to Spain

111
Q

How many ships went to the battle and how many returned?

A

151 went
65 came back

112
Q

What happened to the English sailors after?

A

They were kept on the ships so they didn’t have to be payed

113
Q

Why did the English defeat the Spanish Armada?

A

E - fireships S- ships struggled to cope
E - good commanders and tacticians S - inexperienced
E - boots were manoeuvrable S - Spanish ships were slow and hard to move

114
Q

What were the consequences of the Spanish Armada defeat?

A

Proved England was a major naval power
There was stability and unity ( even catholics supported Elizabeth at a time of war)
Increased Elizabeth’s popularity
Golden age

115
Q

What was theatre like before the 1570s?

A

Miracle plays based on bible stories
Government disapproved - scared of spread of disease
Puritans disapproved on religious grounds (blamed a 1580 earthquake on theatre)
There were no theatres
Acting was not considered a profession

116
Q

What were the governments opinions on actors?

A

Thought they were a threat to law and order
1572 act punished them as vagabonds

117
Q

What was Elizabeth’s thoughts on theatre?

A

She loved plays and often invited them to come and perform

118
Q

What were lords thoughts on theatre?

A

They could spread propaganda and could influence the government and queen in turn

119
Q

What were ordinary peoples opinions on theatre?

A

Great form of entertainment - cheap and affordable

120
Q

How was patronage used with theatres?

A

Funding and protection - some companies win funding from nobles as they had potential for propaganda

121
Q

What was the 1572 act in theatre?

A

Requires bands of actors to be licenced

122
Q

What messages did plays include?

A

Subtle messages to flatter Elizabeth
Often referred to the great chain of being

123
Q

Who were some successful playwrights?

A

William Shakespeare
Christopher Marlowe

History (4 decks)

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