poultry respiratory diseases

Question 1

what are the 4 poultry respiratory diseases

Answer 1

Avian pneumovirus
poultry mycoplasmosis
infectious laryngyotracheitis
infectious bronchitis

Question 2

what type of virus is avian pneumovirus and who does it affect the most

Answer 2

paramyxovirus, metapneumovirus

very important disease in turkeys

Question 3

what are the clinical signs in turkeys

Answer 3

turkeys
cooughing, sneezing nasal/occular discharge
complicated by E.coli

layer turkeys
respiratory disease
drop in egg production and poor shell quality

Question 4

what is commonly seen in chickens with APV and E.coli

what are the other general signs

Answer 4

swollen head syndrome

respiratory disease
loss in egg production and pigmentation of shells

Question 5

how is APV transmitted

Answer 5

mucus, aerosols, fomites

Question 6

what vaccines are availables for APV

Answer 6

live vaccines: given early in life by spray or drinking water

killed vaccines
by injection before lay after priming with live vaccines (at around 14-16 wks old)

Question 7

what are the three species of avian mycoplasmosis

Answer 7

M. gallisepticum (resp)
M. synoviae (resp, arthritis)
M. melagridis (airsacculitis)

Question 8

what are the clinical signs of avian mycoplasmosis

Answer 8

respiratory
lameness
swollen joints
sternal bursitis (blisters on brest)

Question 9

how would you diagnose

how does it look on culture

Answer 9

culture
PCR
ELISA

typical fried egg appearance on culture

Question 10

How can mycoplasma be transmitted

Answer 10

vertically and horizontally.

antibiotics, live/killed vaccines to treat

Question 11

What poultry respiratory disease is a herpes virus

Answer 11

infectious laryngotracheitis

characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 12

what are the clinical signs

Answer 12

difficulty breathing
gasping
cough out blood/mucus
head shaking
walls/floors of housing covered in blood
symptoms can last 2-6 wks
high morbidity and mortality

Question 13

What is a typical feature of herpesviruses regarding onset of disease

Answer 13

can become latent
reactivation due to stress
long period of disease

Question 14

how would you diagnose infectious laryngotracheitis

Answer 14

clinical signs
post mortem, cheesy causeous plugs seen in trachea or excess mucus and traces of blood seen
electron microscopy of trachea
immunofluresence

Question 15

what are the control methods of infectious laryngotracheitis

Answer 15

no treatment!
live attenuated vaccines after 4 wks in high risk areas
given via eye drop, intranasal or in drinking water

Question 16

what disease is caused by a type 3 coronavirus and is very contagious

Answer 16

infectious bronchitis

Question 17

what does infectious bronchitis have in common with avian influenza

Answer 17

Rapid recombination/mutation producing new variants=vaccine
problems

(Different serotypes/genotypes – S1 spike protein variants )

Question 18

what are the clinical signs of infectious bronchitis

Answer 18

respiratory disease
drop in egg production
poor egg quality

EGG PERITONITIS!

nephritis in chicks

Question 19

what are the three things seen in egg peritonitis

Answer 19

1. yellow flakes
2. broken egg yolk
3. infection, inflammation, obstruction of repro tract

Question 20

diagnosis and control of infectious bronchitis

Answer 20

virus identification through isolation in eggs

live vaccine for broiler
live and killed for breeders