Porcine Gi diseaes

Question 1

name the 4 bacterial causes of porcine gi diseases

Answer 1

Lawsonia intracellularis
E.coli
clostridium spp
salmonella enterica

Question 2

what are the 2 diseases seen with lawsonia intracellularis and who do they affect

Answer 2

1.PPE
porcine proliferative enteritis
bloody diarrhoea seen. Thickening of ileal walls due to proliferative lesions of enterocytes
seen in finisher pigs

2.HBS
haemorrhagic bowel syndrome
No diarrhoea seen. Thinning of ileal wall with haemorrhage
seen in grower pigs (rarer)

Question 3

How to treat/prevent Lawsonia?

Answer 3

antibiotics

live attenuated vaccine available

Question 4

whats the three manifestations of diseases seen in pigs due to E.coli

Answer 4

neonatal scour
post weaning diarrhoea
oedema disease

Question 5

who does oedema disease affect and how would you recognise and affected pig

Answer 5

mainly affects post weaning pigs
recognised by a puffy swollen face (oedema) and an odd squeal due to neurological affects

(oedema of the bowel but no diarrhoea seen)

Question 6

what species of clostridium perfringes are most pathogenic?

Answer 6

type A & C

Gassy necrotic diarrhoea seen

Question 7

whats the diseases associated with clostridium type A and C

Answer 7

type A=low-grade chronic diarrhoea
Type C=acute high mortality disease. can be confused with
neonatal E. coli infections

Question 8

Clostridium novyi is a species that affects sows.

which organ is primarily affected and how?

Answer 8

The liver
Migration of bacteria from gut to liver.
toxins produced in liver causing necrotic or gangrene-like lesions
result in distinct ‘Aero Chocolate’ appearance liver

Question 9

what species of salmonella affects pigs

Answer 9

salmonella choleraesuis

cause necrotic enteritis

Question 10

whys is s.choleraesuis of particular importance

Answer 10

Zoonotic! highly pathogenic in humans

carriers harbour disease in gut and mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 11

what makes salmonella in general difficult to control

Answer 11

very resilient bacteria.
persists well in environment and carrier individuals
No vaccine available
treat with antimicrobials.

Question 12

what are the 3 viral porcine GI diseases

Answer 12

porcine rotavirus
porcine coronavirus
porcine circovirus

Question 13

rotavirus causes enteritis and scour. what bacterial species can it be a co infection with?

Answer 13

E.coli

Question 14

what are the two forms of coronavirus disease seen in pigs

Answer 14

PED=porcine epidemic diarrhoea

TGE=transmissable gastroenteritis

Question 15

who is affected by coronavirus and what disease is seen

Answer 15

Piglets affected.
high morbidity high mortality
acute diarrhoea with no treatment

(sows can occassionally be affected. usually have IgA immunity though)

Question 16

what is caused by porcine circovirus 2

Answer 16

post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

diarrhoea, enteritis, skin disease

Question 17

what process causes post weaning multi systemic wasting syndrome

Answer 17

lymphocytic depletion leading to immunocomprimisation

no treatment however vaccines are available

Question 18

what clinical disease does swine dysentry cause

Answer 18

Severe inflammation of large intestine leading to goblet cell hyperplasia.
this causes malabsorbive diarrhoea with blood and mucous seen

Question 19

whats the causative agent of swine dysentry

Answer 19

Caused by a spirochaetal bacterium- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Question 20

what is the infection route of swine dysentry and how is it spread

Answer 20

Pigs become infected through the ingestion of infected faeces.
Spread is by carrier pigs that shed the organism in faeces for long periods

Question 21

How does the diarrhoea of swine dysentry look

Answer 21

sloppy light brown diarrhoae.

twitching of tail also seen