Poultry Management Flashcards
What is a newly hatched chicken called?
chick
What is a young chick called?
poult
What is a chicken called when it’s used for meat production?
broiler
What is a female chick for egg production called?
layer
What is a young hen (less than 1 years old) called?
pullet
What is a young male chicken called?
cockerel
What is an adult female called?
hen
What is an adult male called?
cock/rooster
What are the popular products from poultry?
eggs & meat
What is the process of giving birth called?
laying/hatching
Define class
group of birds that have been developed in the same broad geographical area
What are the four main classes of chickens?
1) American
2) Asiatic
3) English
4) Mediterranean
What are the traits looked for in male turkeys for the next generations
- thicker thighs
- meatier drumsticks
- plumper breasts
- faster rate of growth
- higher feed efficiency
What are the traits looked for in female turkeys for the next generations
- greater fertility
- hatchability
- egg size
- meat conformation
How does turkey breeding work?
Gen 1 - pure lines
Gen 2 - turkeys from gen 1 are crossed with each other to contribute to the genetic diversity from other pure lines
Gen 3 - turkeys from gen 2 are crossed with each other to contribute to the genetic diversity and development of specific traits
After breeding gen 3 (turkeys) what do they do with the eggs?
send them to male or female hatcheries for incubation, once hatched they look for specific traits. those turkeys are picked to then breed future generations with their desirable traits
When do laying hens (turkeys) reach sexual maturity? And how do they stimulate egg laying?
30 weeks & they use controlled lighting
How long do turkeys lay eggs? And how many eggs do they produce?
25 weeks & the produce 88-93 eggs
How long do female turkeys need to molt before laying more eggs? How long can they be stimulated? How many eggs do they lay?
90 days, can produce only 75-80 days, can be stimulated for another 25 weeks
Define mass selection and how is it effective?
best-performing males are mated to the best-performing females
effective in improving traits of high heritability
Define family selection
all offspring from a particular mating are designated as a family and selection and culling within a population of birds and based on the performance level of the entire family
Define outcrossing
mating of an individual to another in the same breed that is not related
Define inbreeding
mating of related individuals or as the mating of individuals more closely related than the average of the flock the originated from
How are inbred chickens produced?
developing inbred lines and then crossing them to produce chickens that exhibut hybrid vigor
Define inbred lines
developed for crossing systems that used largely for increasing egg production
Define strain crossing
crossing of two strains that possess similar egg-production traits
Incubation time for chickens
21 days
Incubation time for turkeys
28 days
Incubation time for duck
28 days
Incubation time for goose
28-32 days
Incubation time for pheasant
24 days
Incubation time for bobwhite quail
23 days
Incubation time for guineas
27 days
What is the proper temperature for successful chicken egg incubation?
- Beginning - 99.5 - 00.0 F
- Lowered slightly on fourth day (by .25 - .5 F) and this should stay constant until egg is transferred to a hatching facility (3 days before hatching)
- Three days before hatching, lower the temp by 1.0 - .5 F
