Animal Health and Handling Flashcards
Unit 2
When do you use antiseptics?
Used for disinfection of living tissues, such as skin or mucous membranes, to prevent infection. Applied to wounds, cuts, or surgical sites to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.
When do you use antibiotics?
Used to treat bacterial infections
When do you use an anthelmintic?
Used to treat and control parasitic worm infections, used to combat nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes), and other parasitic worms
When do you use a disinfectant?
Used to kill or eliminated pathogens. They are NOT used on living tissues or animals directly. Critical for preventing the spread of diseases within animal facilities and environments
What is the role and mechanism of cell-mediated immunity?
Role: focuses on the destruction of infected cells and intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and certain bacteria, that reside inside host cells.
Mechanism: cytotoxic T cells are responsible for recognizing and killing infected or abnormal cells directly. Helper T cells play a coordinating role by activating other immune cells and orchestrating the immune response.
What is the role and mechanism in humoral immunity?
Role: primarily responsible for the production of antibodies that target pathogens and their toxins present in body fluids, such as blood and lymph
Mechanism: B cells produce antibodies, which can neutralize pathogens, facilitate their destruction by other immune cells, or mark them for removal by the immune system.
What is passive immunity?
Form of immunity in which an animal receives pre-formed antibodies or immune components from an external source, rather than producing them through its own immune response. These pre-formed antibodies provide temporary protection against specific pathogens.
Two kinds, source from mother as new born(natural passive) or through administration of antibodies (artificial passive immunity)
What is natural immunity?
Also known as innate immunity, this is the inherited resistance to diseases without prior exposure to a specific pathogen.
What is mortality?
Refers to the death rate or the number of animals that die due to a specific cause or disease within a population.
What is morbidity?
Refers to state of being diseased or the extent to which a population or a group of animals is affected by a particular.
Example: If a herd of cattle has a high morbidity rate for respiratory disease, it means that a significant portion of the herd is affected by that disease, whether currently or over a specified time frame.
What is humoral immunity?
Mainly involves B cells (B lymphocytes) and the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins)
What is biosecurity?
Process of protecting animals against the spread of an infectious disease
What is acquired immunity?
Also known as adaptive immunity, developed after exposure to a specific pathogen, and it provides highly specific and long lasting protection against that pathogen
What is an infectious disease?
A disease which is caused by invasion of a pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, or prions). These can be transmitted from one animal to another but not all diseases are necessarily contagious. Can be acquired from the environment (ticks, mosquitos, or contaminated food and water)
What is active immunity?
Generated by the animal’s immune system in response to exposure to a pathogen, either through natural infection or vaccination. Provides long lasting protection, the animal’s immune system produces memory cells that can recognize and respond to the pathogen upon re-exposure.
What is a vaccine?
Designed to stimulate an immune system and provide protection against specific infectious diseases
What is a pharmaceutical? (composition, mechanism of action, and production)
It is composed of chemically synthesized compounds; can include drugs, antibiotics, antiparasitic medications, and other chemical substances.
Work primarily through chemical interactions with specific targets, such as enzymes or receptors in the animal’s body
Manufactured through chemical synthesis in pharmaceutical facilities
What is a non-infectious disease?
Occur from factors other than pathogens; for example, genetics, nutritional deficiencies, physical injuries, environmental toxins, metabolic imbalances, and other non-infectious agents.
Non-infectious disease examples: diabetes, cancer, arthritis, and nutritional deficiencies.
What is a biological? (composition, mechanism of action, production)
Derived from living organisms or components of living organisms. They often include vaccines, serums, antitoxins, and other biologically derived products.
Work by stimulating the animal’s immune system. For example, vaccines trigger an immune response to produce antibodies against specific pathogens.
Produced using living organisms, cell cultures, or recombinant DNA technology. Requires strict quality control
What are T cells? What are their role?
T cells provide intracellular protection by stimulating production of substances that directly attack an infected cell
What are B cells? What are their roll in immunity?
B cells secrete antibodies in response to specific antigens are transferred via body fluids to provide humoral immunity such that the free pathogens are recognized by the antibodies and neutralized.
