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Animal Science 101 > Poultry and Swine > Flashcards

Poultry and Swine Flashcards

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1
Q

Economic Impact of Beef

A

42%

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2
Q

Economic Impact of Poultry

A

23.5%

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3
Q

Economic Impact of Milk (Dairy)

A

19.5%

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4
Q

Economic Impact of Swine

A

12%

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5
Q

Top Five States for Agriculture

A
  1. California
  2. Iowa
  3. Texas
  4. Nebraska
  5. Minnesota
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6
Q

Trends in Livestock Production

A

Changes in production units (number, size, specialization)
Geographic changes
Genetic base
Integration

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7
Q

Number one country for poultry

A

China

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8
Q

United States Poultry from a global perspective

A

most production in lbs of meat
most exports
highest per capita consumption

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9
Q

What is the fastest growing source of meat globally for people

A

Poultry

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10
Q

Breakdown of Poultry Products

A

Broilers (69%)
Eggs (19%)
Turkeys (11%)

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11
Q

Region of Highest Broiler Production

A

Southeast (60% of US production)

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12
Q

This agricultural production model was born in the poultry industry when profit margins were outweighing income.

A

Integration

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13
Q

Advantages of Vertical Integration

A

Value Added Products (new product development opportunities)

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14
Q

Challenges of Vertical Integration

A

Capital and Risk ($$$ tied up in facilities and livestock)
Product control and consistency (environment and genetic pools)
Management

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15
Q

Integration among species

A

Poultry>Swine>Beef

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16
Q

Broiler Production Factors of Importance

A 
Weight Gain
Feed Conversion
Carcass Conformation
Breast Meat Yield
Chick Viability
Disease Resistance (we want to use genetics over antibiotics)
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17
Q

Broiler Market Weight and Days of Growth

A

6 lbs in 45 days

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18
Q

Broiler Feed Efficiency has ___________ since 1940

A

doubled

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19
Q

Region of Highest Egg Production

A

Midwest into Northeast (Iowa, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania)

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20
Q

Egg Production Annually

A

260-280 eggs/hen/year

21
Q

Hens start laying eggs at what age

A

19 weeks

22
Q

Egg Production Factors of Importance

A 
Egg Production
Egg Weight
Feed Conversion
Shell Strength
Egg Quality 
Disease Resistance
23
Q

Most Common Egg-Laying Breeds

A

White Leghorn or White Leghorn Crosses

24
Q

Molting

A

natural loss of feathers when egg production ceases; allows hens to rest and rejuvenate ovarian function

25
Q

Light’s effect on egg-laying

A

stimulates production

26
Q

Current Poultry Issues

A

Spacing (California housing requirements)

27
Q

Top country in Swine Production

A

China

28
Q

Swine Diet

A

Corn and Soybean meal

29
Q

Region of Highest Swine Production

A

Midwest AND North Carolina

30
Q

Swine industry changes in recent years

A

Feed costs
Transportation
Vertical Integration

31
Q

Swine industry challenges in recent years

A

Implementation of Corporate Farming Laws
Pipestone System (shareholders are the producers/owners)
- allows specialization
Environmental Issues (manure management/air quality)
Perceptions (smell/small farmer vs. corporations)
Animal Welfare
Marketing (fewer market outlets/stricter rules/increasing exports)
Labor

32
Q

What percent of swine production is exports?

A

25%

33
Q

Common Swine Breeds

A

Hampshire
Landrace
Yorkshire
Duroc

34
Q

Swine Seedstock Production

A

Selling breeding stock
Genetic base
Traditional Purebred Producers

35
Q

Hybrid Swine Production

A

Carefully selecting genetics for terminal and breeding stock crosses

36
Q

Weight (and age) of feeder pigs

A

40-60 lbs (2 months of age)

37
Q

SEW pigs

A

Segregated Early Weaned (21 days of age)

Advantages: disease control, daily gain, feed conversion, carcass composition)

38
Q

Farrowing

A

process of sow/gilt giving birth

39
Q

Advantages of Farrowing Stalls

A

protection of piglets
temperature regulation for piglets and sow
Safer for sows and farmers

40
Q

Gestation Stalls vs. Group Housing

A

Gestation Stalls: individual feed rations and supervision, less aggressive/increased health
Group Housing: Sows can remember up to 35 other pigs - larger groups could eliminate social order/aggressiveness)

41
Q

Swine Production factors of importance

A

Reproductive performance

Reproductive traits are lowly heritable (environment, disease and nutrition)

42
Q

Weight and age of market hogs

A

270-280 lbs at 6 months of age

43
Q

Average Daily Gain

A

2.5:1

44
Q

Commercial Swine Production Factors of Importance

A

Growth rates

Feed conversion

45
Q

Barrows

A

grow faster

eat more feed

46
Q

Gilts

A

leaner and more efficient

47
Q

Biosecurity Measures in Swine Industry

A

all in, all out production systems
environmentally controlled buildings
shower in, shower out
Multiple site systems

48
Q

True or False: Pork is #1 meat in the world

A

True

Animal Science 101 (9 decks)

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