Poultry

Question 1

Poultry Red Mite

Answer 1

Dermanyssus Gallinae
- nocturnal feeders
- Anaemia
- Tx: insecticide of the environment

Question 2

Scaly leg mite

Answer 2

Knemidocptes Mutans
- Lesions on leg and unfeathered regions (thickened and crusted)

Question 3

Tropical foul mite

Answer 3

Ornithonyssus Bursae
- infects feathers around vent
- entire life cycle on host

Question 4

Black head/Infectious enterohepatitis

Answer 4

Histomonas Meleagridis
- necrosis of liver and cecum

Question 5

Mycoplasma Gallisepticum

Answer 5

Respiratory signs

Question 6

Marek’s disease

Answer 6

Herpes virus reportable aerosolized
- CS: paralysis of leg/wing, grey iris, raised feather follicles
- Dx: enlarged vagus/sciatic nerve, diffuse white tumours on organs
- Viral isolation from lymphocytes
- Tx: vaccination (in-vivo)

Question 7

Infectious bronchitis

Answer 7

Corona virus aerosolised
- CS: coughing, sneezing, facial swelling
- Dx: PM - mucoid exudate, thickened air sac, interstitial nephritis
- Viral isolation in chick embryo
- Tx- abx + raise temperature by 5 degrees

Question 8

Infectious Bursal Disease

Answer 8

Birna Virus (Gumbaro dz) reportable
- CS: Watery D+, incoordination, prostation
- Dx: Isolates from Bursa of Fabracius
- Tx: Vaccinate adults

Question 9

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Answer 9

Herpes Virus reportable
- highly contagious –> high mortality
- CS: Dyspnea, coughing, rales, blood tracheal discharge
- Dx: intranuclear inclusion bodies
- Tx - prevention + supportive care (vaccine can cause disease)

Question 10

Reticuloendotheliosis

Answer 10

Retrovirus
- CS: Runting (wt loss, paleness, abnormal feathers); acute neoplasia (liver, spleen, intestines, heart)
- Dx: Anaemia, virus isolation
- no treatment

Question 11

Choline Deficiency

Answer 11

• Stunting, poor feathering, short thick bowed legs
• Chondrodysplasia

Question 12

Avian encephalomyelitis

Answer 12

Picornavirus
- vertical transmission; faecal-oral
- CS: Ataxia, head/wing tremors
- Dx: Axon-type degeneration (ghost cells)
- Tx: vaccinate 10-15 week old

Question 13

Avian fowlpox

Answer 13

Poxivirus two forms
Dry: slow spreading; LOW mortality
- Raised wart-like white lesions on unfeathered regions; decrease egg production
Wet: fast spreading; HIGH mortality
- Oral cavity + resp. tract infection (ulcerated MM)

Question 14

Newcastle disease

Answer 14

Paramyxovirus reportable zoonotic
3 Strains - Velogenic (highly contagious); mesogenic (intermediate); Lentogenic (low)
- CS: D+, Respiratory (gasping, coughing, sneezing), neuro (droops wings/legs, circling, torticollis, paralysis)
- Dx: viral isolation
- Tx: vaccination

Question 15

Malabsorption syndome

Answer 15

Complex multifactorial cause
- poor growth and rough feathering
- orange intestinal content

Question 16

Brooder pneumonia

Answer 16

Aspergillus
- CS: Respiratory signs
- Dx: cream coloured plaque throughout lungs
- Tx: cull all birds + disinfect environment

Question 17

Bluecomb
Transmissible enteritis

Answer 17

Corona virus
- CS: depression, anorexia, D+; cyanosis; darkened head
- Dx: antigen in intestines
- Tx: supportive care

Question 18

Avian tuberculosis

Answer 18

Mycobacterium Avium var Avium
- CS: wt loss, lethargy, lameness
- Dx: PM - granulomatous nodules (liver, spleen, intestines)

Question 19

Thrush
Sour Crop

Answer 19

Candidiasis
- CS: white raised ulcers; thickened mucosa; foul smell
- Tx: copper sulphate in water

Question 20

Coryza

Answer 20

Bordetella Avium or Avibacterium paragallinarum
- Acute Respiratory disease (nasal discharge, foamy eyes)
- Viral isolation
- Vaccinate

Question 21

Fowl Cholera

Answer 21

Pasturella multicida
- acute death - dyspnoea, mucoid discharge (mouth), D+
- Cytology of blood/tissue
- Oxytetracycline + prevention

Question 22

Avian Erysipelas

Answer 22

Streptococcus
- Acute death, ataxia, weakness
- PM - darkening of skin; enlarged liver and spleen
- intramuscular sodium penicillin

Question 23

Necrotic enteritis

Answer 23

Clostridium perfringens (A and C)
- Acute enterotoxaemia - HIGH mortality
- inappetence, haemorrhagic D+
- necrotic material at distal intestines
- abx in feed or water

Question 24

Chlamydia psittaci

Answer 24

highly contagious Reportable
- nasal/ocular discharge, infraorbital swelling, D+
- Culture and sensitivity
- Oral doxy

Question 25

Avian Influenza

Answer 25

Influenza virus reportable zoonotic
- highly contagious
- D+; neurological signs; cyanosis of head and appendages
- Viral isolation in eggs

Question 26

Psittacine Beak and Feather disease

Answer 26

Circovirus
- feather loss/dystrophy; beak defects
- inclusion bodies in skin and feathers
- supportive care

Question 27

Proventricular Dilation Disease
Wasting disease

Answer 27

Borna virus
- regurgitation, vomiting, wt loss
- passage of undigested food, abdominal and crop distention
- ataxia, tremors, seizures
- dilated gastrointestinal tract
- Lymphoplasmocytic ganglioneuritis

Question 28

Pacheco’s disease

Answer 28

Herpes virus
- highly contagious - high morbidity and mortality
- sudden death; lethargy, anorexia, D+, green urates
- neurological signs
- Hepatic inclusion bodies