Canine

Question 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

CS - PU/PD, increase appetite w/ wt loss; ketosis - v+
Dx - hyperglycemia; glucosuria +/- ketouria

Question 2

Cushings

Answer 2

Hyperadrenocortism
3 types - Iatrogenic; pituitary dependent (most common); Adrenal dependent
CS - PU/PD; polyphagia; panting; pot belly; truncal alopecia (thinning of coat)
Dx - Lab - Hypercholestremia; stress leukogram; increase urine cortisol to creatinine ratio; ATCH Stim; Low Dex suppression (gold standard)
Tx - trilostane; lysodren; surgery

Question 3

Immune Mediated hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

Idiopathic common
CS - anemia (lethargy, pale gums, tachypnea); icterus
Dx - CBC (anemia; spherocytes; polychromasia; saline agglutination test; coombs test
Tx - immunosuppressive drugs (steroids)

Question 4

Hypothyrodism

Answer 4

Congenital form - dwarfism; thick protruding tongue; mental dullness
Acquired form - wt gain w/ lethargy; alopecia (rat tail); weakness; neurological signs

Question 5

Kennel Cough

Answer 5

Infectious tracheal bronchitis
- Bordetella

Question 6

Oestosarcoma

Answer 6

Large/giant breed dogs; 7-9yrs old
Chronic lameness (Acute if pathological fracture)
Radiograph - “away from elbow, towards the knee” - does NOT pass through joint space

Question 7

Mast cell tumour

Answer 7

Cutaneous and subcutaneous masses
GI signs - V+, inappetence, D+, melena
Cytology - intracytoplasmic granules
tx - histamine + surgical removal; chemo (vincristine); radiation

Question 8

Lymphoma

Answer 8

CS - anorexia, V+, Wt loss, dyspnea - generalized lymphadenopathy
Dx - Cytology (lymphoblasts); Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia; Chem (paraneoplastic hypercalcemia)
Tx - Chemo +/- Pred

Question 9

Distemper

Answer 9

Paramyxovirus
Lethargy, poor coat, dehydration, pyrexia
- Stage 1 - respiratory + ocular discharge + KCS
- Stage 2 - GI signs - D+, tenesmus
- Stage 3 - cutaneous - vesicles and pustules + digital hyperkeratosis
- Stage 3 - CNS signs - meningeal inflammation + seizures + cerebellar and vestibular signs +

Question 10

Canine adenovirus Type 1

Answer 10

Initial infection spreads to all organs - after 10 days only found in Kidney and excreted in urine
- Dogs < 1 year of age
- Die within a few hours after onset of clinical signs
- Pyrexia, tachycardia, coughing
- Lymphadenopathy
- hemorrhage
- Corneal edema + anterior uveitis

Question 11

Canine herpes virus

Answer 11

Cytocidal - tissue necrosis and generalized infection in young
< 1 week: acute death; dull, weight lost, rhinitis, petechial hemorrhage on MM
> 2 weeks: mild upper resp infection; genital infection; vesicle lesions

Question 12

Pseudorabies

Answer 12

ALWAYS FATAL - ingestion of contaminated pork
- Aggression, restlessness
- Dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting
- violently shakes their head; rubs neck and shoulders
- self mutilation
- trismus, paresis of facial muscles, head tilt

Question 13

Giardia duodenalis

Answer 13

• Diarrhea + malabsorption
• Fe;nbendazole, metronidazole

Question 14

Neospora caninum

Answer 14

Young puppy disease <6mo: Muscle atrophy, stiffness, ascending paralysis + cervical weakness, dysphagia, megaesophagus –> death
> 6mo: multifocal CNS involvement + polymyositis, myocarditis, dermatitis, pneumonia
- Trimethorpim sulphonamides, clindamycin

Question 15

Babesiosis

Answer 15

Tick vector
- Hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia

Question 16

Pneumonyssus caninum

Answer 16

Parasitic rhinitis
- lives in nasal cavity and sinuses
- ivermectin