Bovine Flashcards

Question

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

Answer 1

Pestivirus - two types: cytopathic (CP) and non-cytopathic (NCP) - 6 - 24 month old - pyrexia, anorexia, oculonasal discharge, oral erosions and ulcers, D+ - Thrombocytopenia - Repro - infertility, embryonic death (abortion at 50-100 day infection) (congenital defect at 100-150day) - PI animals (40 - 125day infection) - Mucosal disease - peracute (often fatal) BVD - when CP animal infected with NCP or vice versa

Answer 2

Herpes virus BHV -1: resp +/- occular - Red nose; nasal discharge; plaque (white) in nares; pyrexia - severe conjunctivitis; excessive clear ocular discharge; corneal opacity BHV-1.2: repro + respiratory - Vulvar discharge; red spots and pustules lining vulva/vagina; frequent urination - abortion at 5-6mo; induced abortion by giving modified live virus BHV-5: Neurological

Answer 3

Bovine pulmonary edema & emphysema - atypical interstial pneumonia - Occurs within 4-10 days: When cattle are moved from over grazed pasture or dry feed to fresh lush greens - Emphysema, nasal discharge, intermittent cough, crackles/wheezes - No sepsis

Answer 4

Fusobacterium necropharum - necrotic laryngitis - coughing - open mouth breathing - nasal discharge - necrotic smelling breath - swollen and painful larynx on palpation - tx: IV tetracycline

Answer 5

Caused by poor housing or overcrowding - most common: pasturella multicida - cranial ventral consolidation of the lungs

Answer 6

Herpes virus - pigs main reservoir - CNS - ataxia, nystagmus, depression, convulsion, death - Puritis and alopecia

Answer 7

Fusobacterium necropharum - lame and painful interdigital lesions - tx: florfenicol SQ (one dose)

Answer 8

R sided heart failure - liver - brown/tan w/ red-mottled portions

Answer 9

Calf infection - Fever, depression, cough, nasal discharge - PM - lungs do not collapse, emphysema, rubber-like appearance

Answer 10

ulcers on dental pad and gums - difficulty eating

Answer 11

Alfatoxin - carcinogen - severe liver damange - death

Answer 12

Congential disorders - Crooked calf syndrome - arthrogryposis, cleft palate, malformed spine

Answer 13

Induces late abortions

Answer 14

nitrate poisoning - RBC unable to pick up oxygen - dark colored blood

Answer 15

Blindness and dullnes tx - calcium sodium EDTA

Answer 16

Respiratory signs - death within 2-5 days tx - 4-ipomeanol

Answer 17

Potent carcinogen - severe liver damage

Answer 18

GI + Renal + vascular damages

Answer 19

Cardiotoxin - Bradycardia - Calves <4mo 100% mortality - Sterility in bulls

Answer 20

Inhibits Vit K -> coagulopathy

Answer 21

Oral lesions - salivation Severe bloat Muscle fasculation --> collapse --> staggering --> death

Answer 22

Cardiotoxin - bradycardia Rumen stasis Generalized muscle weakness

Answer 23

Pneumotoxin - atypical pneumonia

Answer 24

30 days - Chorioallantoic membrane slip 60 days - Fetus 75 - 90 days - Placentomes 120 days - Uterine artery fremitus

Answer 25

Rapid accumulation of fluid in uterus - watery and clear w/ thickened placenta - Occurs in last trimester - rounded abdomen, anorexia - Fetus health guarded - cow can become infertile

Answer 26

Gradual accumulation of fluid in uterus - Thick and viscous fluid - Late pregnancy - pear shaped abdomen - Cow is clinically well - birth still occurs - disorder to fetus - cow still fertile

Answer 27

Increased legumes (alfalfa or clover) - 0-14 days - sudden onset of abdominal distention - LDA - Tachycardia, open mouth breathing - Frothy green ingesta - normal faeces - DO NOT TROCHAR

Answer 28

Bovine Leukemia virus - most common association - May be asymptomatic - CNS -paraplegia/paresis, head tilt, facial paralysis - GI - abomasum affected - bloat/vagal indigestion - Heart - sudden collapse/death, CHF, arrhythmia - Uterus - swollen and hard - Spleen - Haemoabdomen

Answer 29

E.coli - <4 day old Rota virus - 5 day - 14 days - self limiting Corona virus - 4 day to 30 day Enterotoxemia - 2 week - affects healthy fast growing animals Cryptosporidium - 1 - 30 days - tenesmus, emiciation

Answer 30

High producing dairy cattle affected - usually 1 week - 1 most post-partum - 3 types - Anorexia and decrease milk production - Malodorous breath - acetone - PICA - Aggressive behavior Dx - beta-hydroxy-buturate in blood, milk, urine (gold standard) - Heard >10% then confirmation of ketosis in herd

Answer 31

Thin cows + dietary deficiency - 3-6 week post-partum - Ketouria - Tx - oral propylene glycol; IV dextrose

Answer 32

Fat cows + dietary deficiency - before birth or immediately after - insulin resistance - hepatic lipidosis - High mortality rate - Tx - transfaunation (admin of healthy bacteria); IV dextrose; insulin

Answer 33

Silage ketosis - increase concentration of food - esp butyric acid in silage

Answer 34

Bacillus anthracis *reportable* *zoonotic* - spores are highly resistant - Bloody discharge from orifices - dark blood that does not clot - absence of rigor mortis - Rapid bloating - DO NOT OPEN CARCASS - tx - ciprofloxacin, docycline, penicillin - 60 day course

Answer 35

Deficiencies in Vit E and/or selenium - nutritional myodegeneration - more common in growing animals - Cardiac and/or skeletal muscles affected Cardiac - Acute death - depression, respiratory distress, nasal discharge Skeletal - Slower onset of signs - muscular weakness/stiffness - Recumbency - unable to stand - if standing wide base stance and trembling - Muscles are hard and painful - Difficulty breathing PM - limbs, diaphragm, heart, tongue - gray to white

Answer 36

Deficiency of thiamine - High concentrate diets, high grain intake, ingestion of toxin (ie brackenfern) - Cortical blindness, seizures, recumbency - Head held elevated, staggering, hypermetric gait - head pressing, teeth grinding - Brain tissue fluoresce under UV light

Answer 37

Subclinical mastitis is the most common - no abnormalities of the milk itself Clinical mastitis - Somatic cell count > 200,000 cells/ml

Answer 38

Streptocococcus agalactiae; Staphylococcus aureus - transmission occurs during milking - routine post-milking teat dipping; milkers wearing rubber gloves; backflush system; heifers milked first

Answer 39

Bedding, fecal matter, soil, and contaminated water - coliforms; stretococci (uberis, dysgalactiae) - Coliforms can lead to death

Answer 40

Clostridium chauvoei - 6 - 2 year of age - Bruised/damaged muscle - transport, injection, handling - swelling w/ crepitus (gas bubbles) - Rapid death - foul, sweet odor - "rancid butter"

Answer 41

All clostridium can cause this - Requires open wound - injury, castration, difficult parturition - depression, anorexia, pyrexia - death within 24-48hours - swelling WITHOUT gas buildup

Answer 42

Clostridium haemolyticum - bacillary hemoglobinuria - Requires liver fluke (fasciola hepatica) to damage liver - hemolysis --> hemoglobinuria - Anemia + icterus - Large necrotic area in liver

Answer 43

Clostridium perfingens type A - often acute death - enlarged abdomen (ileus), digested or clotted blood in faeces

Answer 44

Zoonotic and Reportable - direct contact with infected blood, placentas, fetuses, or uterine secretions - Human - Ingestion of unpasteurized milk/milk product vs acquire through skin break - Cs: Abortion (5-7mo), weak calves, vaginal discharge - Tx: cull vs doxycycline + rifampin

Answer 45

Reportable Picornavirus - Fever - Blisters around mouth and feet - reduced milk production - No effective treatment - cull

Answer 46

Reportable - aka cattle plague Paramyxovirus - Grain-like bumps in nostrils and cheek - erosion in mouth - Nasal + ocular mucoid discharge - Tachypnea - D+ - No effective treatment

Answer 47

Reportable - transmitted by biting flies/midges - Vesicular lesions of muzzle, lip, tongue, ears, udder/ventral abdomen, coronary bands - no specific treatment