Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCVS > Bovine > Flashcards

Bovine Flashcards

1
Q

Lumpy Jaw

A

Actinomyces bovis
- normal rumen inhabitant
- break in MM or teeth -> infection of bony mandible
- tx: sodium iodide + antimicrobial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bovine Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium bovis zoonotic
- inappetence - wt lost
- pyrexia
- cough
- D+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mycoplasma bovis

A

No cell wall - resistant to penicillin and other beta lactam antibiotics
- Lameness - swollen joints, tenosynovitis
- Respiratory signs - nasal discharge, pus filled abscesses at lungs
- Pyrexia
- tx: tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Johne’s disease

A

Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis
- Granulomatous ileitis and colitis
- Sudden wt loss - green profuse D+
- Decrease milk production
- TPR NORMAL*
- Tx: vaccination of calves < 35 day old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Salmonella

A

All ages affected
- D+ (fetid and malodor)
- pyrexia, inappetence
- scleral injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Guillian-Barre syndome zoonotic
- Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (immune system attacks nerves)

Campy in cattle
- Bloody D+
- Pyrexia
- Reproductive - abortions, agalactia, infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

zoonotic
- neuro - acute onset of head tilt; unilateral lameness*
- Increase TPR
- Increase protein and WBC on hematology
- Abortion - autolyzed fetus
- Tx: penicillin, tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Shipping Fever

A

Manhemia hemolytica - bovine bronchopneumonia
- Depression - off feed
- Scleral injection
- Resp - harsh long sounds +/- open mouth breathing (cranial-ventral lung consolidation)
- Tx: pre-condition prior to shipping (decrease stress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pink eye

A

Moraxella bovis - infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
- Other causes: mycoplasma, IBR, Neisseria spp
- Unilateral/bilateral corneal ulceration - opacity - melting ulcer
- Conjunctivitis
- photophobia
- Transmitted primarily from fomite - flies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hardjo bovis

A

Leptospira interrogans
- Pyrexia
- anemia - jaundice
- reproductive failure
- Tx: tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Red water disease

A

Clostridium hemolyticum
- hemoglobinuria - anemia, icterus
- requires liver fluke (fasciola hepatica) - large necrotic area in liver
- tx: penicillin or tetracycline
- Prevention via vaccination - booster every 6 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Histophilus somni

A
  • Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
  • Septicemia - pyrexia
  • Pneumonia - coughing, dyspnea
  • Arthritis
  • CNS - ataxia
  • Abortions
  • Tx: tetracycline, penicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Wooden Tongue

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ring Worm (cattle)

A

Trichophyton spp zoonotic
- Primarily found around head
- Fungal hyphae on microscopic examination
- tx: self limiting*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cancer eye

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
- most common neoplasia in cattle
- heritable component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Screw Worm

A

Cochliomyia hominivorvax reportable
- eggs laid in wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nervous coccidiosis

A

Enteric infection w/ eimeria spp
- Acute D+
- Neurological symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chorioptes bovis

A

REPORTABLE
- Leg lesions - pustules, erythema - scaly and crusting
- Alopecia
- tx: ivermectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Moroccan leather

A

Ostertagia ostertagii
- Acute water D+
- cobble stone abomasum
- petechiae with worms
- tx - ivermectin, fenbendazole, levamisole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bovine lungworm
Verminous bronchitis

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus
- Cough and tachypnea
- Baermann fecal exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rumen acidosis

A

Sudden increase in concentrates
- can lead to ulcers –> perforation –> death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Achromotrichia (loss of hair color)
Spontaneous fractures
Anemia
poor reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bovine papular stomatitis

A

Parapox virus zoonotic
- Calf disease - erythema, papules, nodules, and erosion son the lips, gums, mouth, and tongue
- no GI signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Left displaced abomasum

A

Signs of ketosis (few days prior) - pear drop smell
- variable tone on ping test
- no fluid accumulation* only air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

A

Pestivirus - two types: cytopathic (CP) and non-cytopathic (NCP)
- 6 - 24 month old
- pyrexia, anorexia, oculonasal discharge, oral erosions and ulcers, D+
- Thrombocytopenia
- Repro - infertility, embryonic death (abortion at 50-100 day infection) (congenital defect at 100-150day)
- PI animals (40 - 125day infection)
- Mucosal disease - peracute (often fatal) BVD - when CP animal infected with NCP or vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

A

Herpes virus
BHV -1: resp +/- occular - Red nose; nasal discharge; plaque (white) in nares; pyrexia
- severe conjunctivitis; excessive clear ocular discharge; corneal opacity
BHV-1.2: repro + respiratory - Vulvar discharge; red spots and pustules lining vulva/vagina; frequent urination
- abortion at 5-6mo; induced abortion by giving modified live virus
BHV-5: Neurological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fog Fever

A

Bovine pulmonary edema & emphysema - atypical interstial pneumonia
- Occurs within 4-10 days: When cattle are moved from over grazed pasture or dry feed to fresh lush greens
- Emphysema, nasal discharge, intermittent cough, crackles/wheezes
- No sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Calf diphtheria

A

Fusobacterium necropharum - necrotic laryngitis
- coughing - open mouth breathing
- nasal discharge
- necrotic smelling breath
- swollen and painful larynx on palpation
- tx: IV tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Enzootic pneumonia

A

Caused by poor housing or overcrowding
- most common: pasturella multicida
- cranial ventral consolidation of the lungs

30
Q

Pseudorabies

A

Herpes virus - pigs main reservoir
- CNS - ataxia, nystagmus, depression, convulsion, death
- Puritis and alopecia

31
Q

Food Rot

A

Fusobacterium necropharum
- lame and painful interdigital lesions
- tx: florfenicol SQ (one dose)

32
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

R sided heart failure
- liver - brown/tan w/ red-mottled portions

33
Q

Bovine Respiratory syncytial virus

A

Calf infection
- Fever, depression, cough, nasal discharge
- PM - lungs do not collapse, emphysema, rubber-like appearance

34
Q

Toxo - yellow bristle grass

A

ulcers on dental pad and gums
- difficulty eating

35
Q

Toxo - mycotoxins

A

Alfatoxin - carcinogen
- severe liver damange
- death

36
Q

Toxo - Lupine

A

Congential disorders
- Crooked calf syndrome - arthrogryposis, cleft palate, malformed spine

37
Q

Toxo - Ponderosa pine needle

A

Induces late abortions

38
Q

Toxo - pigweed

A

nitrate poisoning
- RBC unable to pick up oxygen - dark colored blood

39
Q

Toxo - lead

A

Blindness and dullnes
tx - calcium sodium EDTA

40
Q

Toxo - Moldy sweet potatoe

A

Respiratory signs
- death within 2-5 days
tx - 4-ipomeanol

41
Q

Toxo - Aflatoxin

A

Potent carcinogen - severe liver damage

42
Q

Toxo - Oak

A

GI + Renal + vascular damages

43
Q

Toxo - Gossypol

A

Cardiotoxin
- Bradycardia
- Calves <4mo 100% mortality
- Sterility in bulls

44
Q

Toxo - Moldy sweet clover

A

Inhibits Vit K -> coagulopathy

45
Q

Toxo - Larkspur

A

Oral lesions
- salivation
Severe bloat
Muscle fasculation –> collapse –> staggering –> death

46
Q

Toxo - Olenader

A

Cardiotoxin - bradycardia
Rumen stasis
Generalized muscle weakness

47
Q

Toxo - Perilla mint

A

Pneumotoxin
- atypical pneumonia

48
Q

Palpations for pregnancy

A

30 days - Chorioallantoic membrane slip
60 days - Fetus
75 - 90 days - Placentomes
120 days - Uterine artery fremitus

49
Q

Hydroallantois

A

Rapid accumulation of fluid in uterus
- watery and clear w/ thickened placenta
- Occurs in last trimester
- rounded abdomen, anorexia
- Fetus health guarded
- cow can become infertile

50
Q

Hydraminos

A

Gradual accumulation of fluid in uterus
- Thick and viscous fluid
- Late pregnancy
- pear shaped abdomen
- Cow is clinically well
- birth still occurs - disorder to fetus
- cow still fertile

51
Q

Frothy Bloat

A

Increased legumes (alfalfa or clover)
- 0-14 days - sudden onset of abdominal distention - LDA
- Tachycardia, open mouth breathing
- Frothy green ingesta
- normal faeces
- DO NOT TROCHAR

52
Q

Bovine Lymphoma

A

Bovine Leukemia virus - most common association
- May be asymptomatic
- CNS -paraplegia/paresis, head tilt, facial paralysis
- GI - abomasum affected - bloat/vagal indigestion
- Heart - sudden collapse/death, CHF, arrhythmia
- Uterus - swollen and hard
- Spleen - Haemoabdomen

53
Q

Common Causes of Calf Diarrhea

A

E.coli - <4 day old
Rota virus - 5 day - 14 days - self limiting
Corona virus - 4 day to 30 day
Enterotoxemia - 2 week - affects healthy fast growing animals
Cryptosporidium - 1 - 30 days - tenesmus, emiciation

54
Q

Ketosis general

A

High producing dairy cattle affected
- usually 1 week - 1 most post-partum
- 3 types
- Anorexia and decrease milk production
- Malodorous breath - acetone
- PICA
- Aggressive behavior

Dx - beta-hydroxy-buturate in blood, milk, urine (gold standard)
- Heard >10% then confirmation of ketosis in herd

55
Q

Ketosis Type 1

A

Thin cows + dietary deficiency
- 3-6 week post-partum
- Ketouria
- Tx - oral propylene glycol; IV dextrose

56
Q

Ketosis Type 2

A

Fat cows + dietary deficiency
- before birth or immediately after
- insulin resistance
- hepatic lipidosis
- High mortality rate
- Tx - transfaunation (admin of healthy bacteria); IV dextrose; insulin

57
Q

Ketosis Type 3

A

Silage ketosis - increase concentration of food
- esp butyric acid in silage

58
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis reportable zoonotic
- spores are highly resistant
- Bloody discharge from orifices - dark blood that does not clot
- absence of rigor mortis
- Rapid bloating
- DO NOT OPEN CARCASS
- tx - ciprofloxacin, docycline, penicillin - 60 day course

59
Q

White muscle disease

A

Deficiencies in Vit E and/or selenium - nutritional myodegeneration
- more common in growing animals
- Cardiac and/or skeletal muscles affected

Cardiac
- Acute death
- depression, respiratory distress, nasal discharge

Skeletal
- Slower onset of signs
- muscular weakness/stiffness
- Recumbency - unable to stand - if standing wide base stance and trembling
- Muscles are hard and painful
- Difficulty breathing

PM - limbs, diaphragm, heart, tongue - gray to white

60
Q

Polioencephalomalacia

A

Deficiency of thiamine
- High concentrate diets, high grain intake, ingestion of toxin (ie brackenfern)
- Cortical blindness, seizures, recumbency
- Head held elevated, staggering, hypermetric gait
- head pressing, teeth grinding
- Brain tissue fluoresce under UV light

61
Q

Mastitis (general)

A

Subclinical mastitis is the most common
- no abnormalities of the milk itself

Clinical mastitis
- Somatic cell count > 200,000 cells/ml

62
Q

Contagious mastitis

A

Streptocococcus agalactiae; Staphylococcus aureus
- transmission occurs during milking
- routine post-milking teat dipping; milkers wearing rubber gloves; backflush system; heifers milked first

63
Q

Environmental mastitis

A

Bedding, fecal matter, soil, and contaminated water
- coliforms; stretococci (uberis, dysgalactiae)
- Coliforms can lead to death

64
Q

Blackleg

A

Clostridium chauvoei
- 6 - 2 year of age
- Bruised/damaged muscle - transport, injection, handling
- swelling w/ crepitus (gas bubbles)
- Rapid death - foul, sweet odor - “rancid butter”

65
Q

Malignant edema

A

All clostridium can cause this
- Requires open wound - injury, castration, difficult parturition
- depression, anorexia, pyrexia
- death within 24-48hours
- swelling WITHOUT gas buildup

66
Q

Redwater disease

A

Clostridium haemolyticum - bacillary hemoglobinuria
- Requires liver fluke (fasciola hepatica) to damage liver
- hemolysis –> hemoglobinuria
- Anemia + icterus
- Large necrotic area in liver

67
Q

Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
hemorrhagic enteritis

A

Clostridium perfingens type A
- often acute death
- enlarged abdomen (ileus), digested or clotted blood in faeces

68
Q

Brucella Abortus

A

Zoonotic and Reportable
- direct contact with infected blood, placentas, fetuses, or uterine secretions
- Human - Ingestion of unpasteurized milk/milk product vs acquire through skin break
- Cs: Abortion (5-7mo), weak calves, vaginal discharge
- Tx: cull vs doxycycline + rifampin

69
Q

Foot and Mouth

A

Reportable
Picornavirus
- Fever
- Blisters around mouth and feet
- reduced milk production
- No effective treatment - cull

70
Q

Rinderpest

A

Reportable - aka cattle plague
Paramyxovirus
- Grain-like bumps in nostrils and cheek - erosion in mouth
- Nasal + ocular mucoid discharge
- Tachypnea
- D+
- No effective treatment

71
Q

Vesicular stomatitis

A

Reportable
- transmitted by biting flies/midges
- Vesicular lesions of muzzle, lip, tongue, ears, udder/ventral abdomen, coronary bands
- no specific treatment

MRCVS (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions