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MRCVS > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

parascaris eqquorum

A

Roundworm
- intestinal impactions - colic
- larval migration - liver and lungs
- spherical single cell zygote

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2
Q

Strongylus vulgaris

A

Large strongyle
- Sequela - thrombosis in mesenteric artery
- colic and infarction

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3
Q

Oxyuris equi

A

Pin worm
- infests perianal region - anal puritis

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4
Q

Tristrongylus axei

A

Small stomach worm
- chronic gastritis - wt loss
- found in ruminants
- tx - benzimidazole, ivermectin

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5
Q

Neck Threadworm

A

Onchocerca cervicalis - nematode
- diamond shaped lesions on neck and face
- patchy/diffuse alopecia
- bulls eye/circular lesion @ center of head

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6
Q

Sweet Itch

A

Cullicoides
- Hypersensitivity Type I
- Ventrum and dorsum - excoriation, alopecia

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7
Q

Horn fly

A

Haemotobia irritans
- Found around cattle
- ventral midline dermatitis

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8
Q

Equine Lung Worm

A

Dictocaulus arnfeldi - nematode
- foals more commonly affected
- resp signs - coughing, nasal discharge

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9
Q

Eyeworm

A

Thelzia - nematode
- worm found in eyelid, tear gland, tear duct and nicitating membrane

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10
Q

Club foot

A

Flexural deformity of distal interphalangeal joint
- steep hoof wall w/ shortened toe
- Congenital (can be acquired)
- Tx - NSAID, farrier, exercise and nutrition
- Tx - sever - desmotomy of accessory ligament and deep digital flexor

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11
Q

Stringhalt

A

Sudden flexion of one or both hind limbs - contraction of lateral extensor tendon
- chronic intoxication of sweet peas (lathyrus)
- tx - lateral digital extensor tenectomy

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12
Q

Peroneus tertius rupture

A

unable to extend hock or flex the stifle
- disruption to stay apparatus

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13
Q

Buttress foot
Pyramidal disease

A

Excessive strain on extensor process of P3
- periostitis
- progressive lameness, thickened coronary band, hoof wall protrusion at toe

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14
Q

Thrush

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
- insanitary conditions, poor foot care, lack of exercise
- moist, exudative dermatitis at frog of feet - thick black odorous discharge
- tx - trim necrotic tissue + penicillin + Clindamycin/metronidazole

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15
Q

Navicular disease

A

Pain from navicular bone, navicular suspensory and deep digital flexor tendon, navicular bursa
- Lameness, pain on hoof tester at posterior, pain on hard surface vs soft
- trot and canter to test
- Palmar digital nerve block to test
- tx - shoe to elevate heel

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16
Q

Bone spavin

A

Osteoarthritis of distal intertarsal joint
- stiff gait - intermittent lameness that improves WITH exercise
- Progressive swelling at hocks
- Flexion test (spavin test) - should show lameness
- intra-articular block relieves lameness
- tx - NSAID, corticosteroids, joint arthrodesis

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17
Q

Splints

A

Perostitis of the interosseous ligament - between 3rd and 2nd metacarpal
- new bone formation
- lameness - worsens with exercise/work
- sensitive to deep palpation

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18
Q

High ring bone

A

Osteoarthritis of proximal interphalangeal joint

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19
Q

Abortions

A

Placentitis - common cause of abortions
- streptococcus zooepidemicus, E.coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kelbsiella

Viral abortions - most commonly equine herpes virus 1 (EHV-1)
- HEV-4 and equine viral arteritis (EVA) other causes
- Vaccination at 5, 7, 9 months
- aborted fetus has small necrotic foci on liver, necrotizing bronchiolitis, intranuclear inclusion bodies

Non-infectious
- twins
- umbilical torsion

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20
Q

Cervical vertebral malformation

A

Narrowing of vertebral canal
- <4-5yr olds, rapid growing, male horses
- Thoroughbred and quarter horses over represented \
- Symmetrical - ataxia, paresis - worst in hind vs fore
- wide base stance

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21
Q

Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

A

Strenuous exercise –> epistaxis
- race horses - thoroughbred, standardbred, quarter horses
- Caudal dorsal lung fields
- tx - furosemide prior to intense exercise

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22
Q

Guttural Pouch Tympany

A

non-painful distension of the GP with air
- noticeable external swelling around throat-latch
- Congenital
- tx - surgical correction - fenestration of median septum

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23
Q

Guttural Pouch Empyema

A

Accumulation of purulent exudate within GP
- secondary to respiratory infection - Streptococcus equi/zooepidemicus
- Rupture of retropharyngeal LN
- Nasal discharge, regional LN enlargement
- Firm chondroids can form

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24
Q

Guttural Pouch Mycosis

A

Fungal plaques in GP
- Aspergillus - erosion of wall of artery - epistaxis
- Dysphagia leads to damage to the cranial nerves

25
Q

Theiler’s Disease

A

Acute serum Hepatitis - idiopathic
- Most common cause of acute hepatitis and hepatic failure
- Adult horses
- Associated with tetanus antitoxin
- icterus, photosensitization, hepatoencephalopathy
- hepatic necrosis, mononuclear cells and neutrophils in portal area

26
Q

Tyzzer’s disease

A

Clostridium piliforme
- 6 day - 6 week of age
- Highly fatal - acute hepatitis
- depression, anorexia, coma - convulsions; jaundice; hyperglycemia

27
Q

Aural plaques

A

Papillomavirus - spread via insects
- coalescing depigmented and hyperkeratotic plaques

28
Q

Toxo - Black walnut

A

Laminitis + colic

29
Q

Toxo - Red maple

A

Acute hemolytic anemia

30
Q

Toxo - Senecio/groundsel

A

liver disease

31
Q

Toxo - castor bean

A

severe GI - bloody D+

32
Q

Toxo - Yellow Star Thristle

A

Swelling in mouth - inability to eat

33
Q

Toxo - Monesin

A

Commonly found in cow feed
- cardiomyopathy - myocardial necrosis

34
Q

Toxo - Fescue

A

prolong gestation +/- abortions/stillbirths
Colic

35
Q

Toxo - Jimson weed

A

Parasympatholytic to CNS
- convulsions
- Resp failure
- incoordination

36
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

murmur bilateral - RIGHT side highest intensity
- most common congenital cardiac abnormality

37
Q

Cerebellar abiotrophy

A

Atrophy of the cerebellum - most common cerebellar disease in horses
- Congenital - Foals < 1yr
- Intention tremors, lack of menace, hypermetria (exaggerated gait), ataxia

38
Q

Palmar digital nerve block

A

50-70% of palmar/plantar aspect of the foot

39
Q

Abaxial sesamoid block

A

Entire foot

40
Q

Low 4pt block

A

Entire metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint and distal

41
Q

High 4pt block

A

Metacarpal region and distal

42
Q

Wobbler’s syndrome

A

Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy
- instability and stenosis - compression of C3-C5
- wide base stance
- Conscious proprioceptive deficit
- ataxia - paresis - hind limb worse

43
Q

Cornybacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Ulcerative lymphagitis + abscesses in pectoral region

44
Q

Tying up disease

A

Myositis
- overwork –> muscle break down –> increase myoglobin –> renal failure + nephrosis
- stiff gait, lethargy, anorexia

45
Q

Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)

A

Asthma in horses
- older horses
- Environmental allergens - stalled in barns
- Increase expiratory effort - development of heave lines
- Curshmann’s spirals on BAL

46
Q

Equine Cushing’s

A

Equine pituitary Pars Intermedia
- >15yrs of age; ponies and morgan more commonly seen
- Hirsutism (curly thick hair)
- laminitisi
- Excessive sweating
- infertility
- Increase in plasma [ATCH]
- tx - pergolide

47
Q

African horse sickness

A

Reovirus transmitted by collicoides
- Fever, conjunctivitis
- Pulmonary form - acute respiratory distress - coughing, foaming from nostrils - FATAL
- Cardiac form - edema of head and neck - abdominal pain - indentation above eyes*

48
Q

Equine infectious anemia

A

Retrovirus
- Fever, depression, muscle weakness
- Thrombocytopenia, anaemia, Jaundice
- hemorrhage of MM
- Epitaxis

49
Q

Purpura hemorrhagica

A

Sequela of strep. equi (strangles) or vaccination
- hypersensitivity type III - vasculitis
- petechiae of MM
- stiff gait - edema of extremities
- urticaria

50
Q

Glanders

A

Burkholderia mallei zoonotic reportable
Nasal glanders
- pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge
- ulceration of upper respiratory tract - star shaped cicatrices

Pulmonary glanders
- diffuse pneumonia
- light color nodules on lungs + hemorrhage

Cutaneous glanders
- Farcy*
- nodule formation along SQ where lymphatics are

dx - Mellein test
Tx - euthanasia

51
Q

Potomac Horse fever

A

Neorikettsi risticii
- common summer with pastures near water
- pyrexia, D+, laminitis
- tx - oxytetracycline

52
Q

Lethal white foal syndrome

A

Ileocolonic agangliosis
- lack of ganglia in colon
- Foals die at 2 day of age

53
Q

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

A

Sarcoystic neurona
- Asymmetric ataxia + asymmetric muscle atrophy
- tx - trimethroprim-sulfonamide; ponazuril; nitazoxinade

54
Q

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

Foals born to multiparous mares
- < 7 day of age
- icteric appearance
- Mothers antibody from colostrum attacks foals RBC

55
Q

Pneumonia/pleuropneumonia

A

Bacterial
- Strep zooepidemicus
- e. coli, pasteurella, klebsiella
- Bacteroides fragilis, clostridium

Viral
- Equine herpes virus
- Equine influenza
- Equine viral arteritis virus

Fungal
- Coccidiosis
- Crytpococcus
- Histoplasma
- Aspergillus

56
Q

Rhodococcus Equi

A
  • 1-6month old
  • aerosolized during dry and dusty periods
  • Pneumonia before clinical signs recognized
  • Pyrogranulomatous pneumonia and pulmonary abscessation
  • tx - erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin + rifampin
  • can lead to more sever disease: internal abscessation, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, joint effusion
57
Q

Strangles

A

Streptococcus equi
- All horses - predominately younger (2-5yrs)
- highly contagious
- Lymphadenopathy - firm –> softer –> rupture
- Bastard Strangles - internal LN
- tx - penicillin

58
Q

Equine viral arteritis

A

Reportable
Arteritis virus
- Fever, lethargy, depression
- Swelling of the extremities, scrotum, mammary gland and above eyes
- Conjunctivitis
- Skin Rash
- no active treatment

MRCVS (9 decks)

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