Potpurri Flashcards
How does Fibroblast growth factor (FGFR3) work?
causes inhibition of condrocyte proliferation
destroys normal process of bone formation over a cartilage based ossifcatin center leading to a decrease in longitiudinal bone growth
Symmetric IUGR causes
Asymmetric IUGR casues
Symmetric : Intrauterine infection and chromosomal abnormalities
Asymmetric: Preeclampsia
Maternal transfer of estrogen through the placenta can lead to ?
cervical ectropion, and bilateral galactorrhea
Which of the following fingers are most likely to be joined by syndactyly in this condition?
index and middle finger
How can cause hyperglycemia cause birth defects?
increase oxidative stress and DNA damage
high glucose can lead to inhibition of PAX2 gene, which increases neural tube defects
What causes head tilted to ipsilateral side, chin to opposite side
head tilted to ipsilateral side, chin to opposite side
(due to unilateral contractures of sternocleidomastoid)
What is MYCN?
a proto-oncogene can be seen in Neuroblastoma, increased activity means worse prognosis
what is clubfoot deformity?
Clubfoot deformity includes cavus of the midfoot, adduction of the forefoot, varus of the hindfoot, and equinus
What do dark lung fields suggest on CXR
poor pulmonary blood flow
What is most common malignancy of infancy
neuroblastoma
(monitor with ultrasound, may regress)
and surgical resection if grows
Umbilical arterial blood gas values that are always true of umbilical artery compared to umbilical vein
umbilical artery has lower ph, higher PCO2, lower PO2
UA will always be worse than UV
uteroplacental insufficiency, both values bad
Microdeletion or uniparental disomy most common cause of Prader wili?
Microdeletion, about 70% of cases
What is SMART objective in learning
Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and targeted to learner
pyramid of educational outcome measures
knows (knowledge), competence (knows how), performance (shows how) action (does)
Galacitol
the unusual accumlation that causes symptoms of galactomsemia
(galactose 1 phosphate accumulation, leads to too much Galacitol)
leading to eye findings (cataracts)
Line of demarcation ROP
represents stage I ROP, first stage
Data Type Nominal
Order and magnitude of number not important
gender, race
Data Type Ordinal
Order is important, not magnitude
grading of severity, IVH, ROP
Data Type Ranked
order my magnitude, then assigned number rank
(leading causes of death)
Data Type Discrete
Integer or Counts
number of kids, deaths, accidents
Data Type Continuous
Measurable quantities, fractional values possible
mode, median, mode
What is Power In Statstics
1- Type II error rate
What are advantages of case control study
you can study rare outcomes
What portion of umbilical artery remains patent after birth? What does it supply?
Becomes superior vesical artery, supplies the bladder
When do you treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction with topical abx?
fever, irrritiablity, mild edeam and erythema and distention of lacrimal sac below the medial canthal tendon.
Name several factors that could present at birth of growth restricted infants
RDS, MAS, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, sepsis, thermoregulation, sepsis, non-physiologic hyperbili, hypocalcemia
how long before baby exposed to alcohol begins to withdraw?
3- 12 hours
How do diabetes and hypothyroidism affect bilirubin clearance?
causes decreased bilirubin clearance
Donor breast milk what happens to triglycerides and free fatty acids
Triglycerides decreased, but free fatty acids increased
What can inhibit fetal lung production?
Epinephrine and beta adrenergic agonists
What happens before birth with ENAC channels?
respiratory epithelium changes from chloride secreting membrane to a sodium absorbing membrane.
High glucose levels do what to PAX 3 gene?
inhibits PAX 3, which can lead to neural tube defects
Lamellar bodies and Tubalr myelin like catipellar and butterfly.
How?
Lamellar bodies are released into air spaces by endocytosis, and then unravel in airspace, tubular myelin then formed under influence of calcium in SPA -SPAB
