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PHTH 527 > Posture > Flashcards

Posture Flashcards

1
Q

What are two benefits of optimal posture?

A
  1. Reduced E cost

2. Reduced stress on anatomical structures

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2
Q

When the LOG runs through joint axis, this = _________.

A

equilibrium

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3
Q

When the LOG does not run through a joint axis, _____ is created.

A

torque

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4
Q

When torque is created around a joint axis, _____ is required to counteract this torque. This can be generated by _____ or ______ tissues.

A

Force; active; passive

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5
Q

LOG falls _______ to lateral malleolus.

A

anterior

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6
Q

Because of where the LOG falls relative to the lat malleolus, a ________ moment is created, and _______ create stability.

A

dorsiflexion; plantar flexors

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7
Q

The LOG falls ______ to the knee joint axis.

A

anterior

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8
Q

Because of where the LOG falls relative to the knee joint, an _______ moment is created.

A

extension

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9
Q

The maintenance of the knee in an extended position is stabilized by what 4 structures?

A
  1. ACL
  2. Posterior capsule
  3. Gastrocs and hamstrings
  4. Soleus
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10
Q

Where does the LOG usually fall relative to the hip joint axis? What type of moment is created?

A

posterior; extension

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11
Q

What 3 structures is the hip stabilized by?

A
  1. Iliofemoral ligament
  2. Iliopsoas
  3. Hip extensors
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12
Q

The LOG goes through the vertebral bodies of the __ - spine and ___ - spine.

A

C;L

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13
Q

LOG falls _______ to the T spine vertebral bodies, creating a ______ moment./

A

anterior; flexion

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14
Q

What is the T spine position stabilized by?

A

posterior ligaments

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15
Q

The moment at the spine is greatest at the apex of each curve, = C__/__, T__, L___.

A

4/5; 6; 3

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16
Q

LOG falls ______ to the head axis, causing a _______ moment.

A

anterior; flexion

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17
Q

What is the head position stabilized by?

A
  1. ligamentum nuchae
  2. tectorial membrane
  3. posterior cervical muscles
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18
Q

In what 3 ways do we maintain our body alignment?

A
  1. Static stabilizers
  2. Dynamic stabilizers
  3. Neural control
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19
Q

Postural muscled have a great ratio of Type ___ fibres.

A

1

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20
Q

In spinal stability, the NS activates trunk muscles in ________ of the load imposed by limb movement.

A

anticipation

21
Q

A postural _______ = posture that deviates from normal alignment but does not create structural limitations.

A

fault

22
Q

What 2 things does a postural default result in?

A
  1. Increased EE

2. Abnormal stresses on supporting structures

23
Q

Postural ____ _______ = pain that occurs from mechanical stress when a person maintains a faulty posture for a prolonged period.

A

pain syndrome

24
Q

Postural ________ = adaptive shortening of soft tissues and muscle weakness that developed due to prolonged poor postural habits, position assumed following trauma or surgery, and structural factors.

A

dysfunction

25
Q

Mechanical stress to pain sensitive structures causes _______ or _______ of nerve endings which lead to experience of pain.

A

distention; compression

26
Q

Relieving stress to pain sensitive structure relieves _____ _______.

A

pain stimulus

27
Q

What are 3 potential sources of dysfunction in an individual with genu recurvatum?

A
  1. Stretched posterior structures
  2. Compressed patellar fat pad
  3. Changes posture/mechanics at joints above and below
28
Q

What are 3 things are defining characteristics of lumbar lordosis?

A
  1. Lordosis
  2. Anterior pelvic tilt
  3. Hips flexed
29
Q

What are 6 potential sources of dysfunction in exaggerated lumbar lordosis?

A
  1. Weak abdominals
  2. Short hip flexors and lumbar extensors
  3. Stretched ALL
  4. Compressed posterior disc
  5. Compressed/approximated facet joints
  6. Narrowing of IVF
30
Q

____ _____ = pelvis shifted forward vs thorax

A

sway back

31
Q

What are 3 postural issues from sway back?

A
  1. Increased lumbar lordosis
  2. Increased thoracic kyphosis
  3. Increased hip extension
32
Q

What are 2 potential sources of dysfunction that accompany sway back?

A
  1. Stretched iliofemoral ligaments

2. Hip joint dysfunction

33
Q

_____ _____ = decreased lumbar lordosis + posterior pelvic tilt

A

flat back

34
Q

What are 2 possible causes of flat back?

A
  1. poor postural habit

2. poor ergonomics

35
Q

What are 4 potential sources of dysfunction from flat back?

A
  1. short abdominals and hip extensors
  2. long and weak lumbar extensors and poss hip flexors
  3. loss of normal L spine curve = reduced shock absorption capacity
  4. Stretched PLL and lumbar erectors
36
Q

_____ ______ ______ = often associated with protracted scapulae and forward head

A

exaggerated thoracic kyphosis

37
Q

What are 4 potential sources of dysfunction of exaggerated thoracic kyphosis?

A
  1. Tight muscles of anterior thorax (intercostals)
  2. Tight muscles of UE originating on thorax (pecs, lats)
  3. Long and weak thoracic erector spine and scapula retractors
  4. May related to thoracic outlet syndrome or cervical or shoulder girdle pain
38
Q

_____ _____ ______ = flexed cervicothoracic junction and extended upper C spine and craniovertebral region

A

head forward posture

39
Q

What are 2 possible causes of HFP?

A
  1. faulty sitting postures

2. compensatory

40
Q

What are 6 potential sources of dysfunction of HFP?

A
  1. Short lev scapula, SCM, scalenes and sub occipitals
  2. Weak deep flexors and CT junction erector spinae
  3. Narrowed IVF’s in upper C spine
  4. Compressed upper C spine facet joints
  5. TMJ dysfunction
  6. Thoracic outlet syndrome
41
Q

________ ________ = spinal curvature due to an extra spinal source that reduces/resolves when underlying cause is removed.

A

functional scoliosis

42
Q

In structural scoliosis, ___% are idiopathic and ___% are secondary to another pathology.

A

80; 20

43
Q

In structural scoliosis, the rib hump is on the side of the ________.

A

convexity

44
Q

Where is the COG in infants and children?

A

T12

45
Q

Genu ____ in ages 1-3, genu _____ up to age 6.

A

varus; valgus

46
Q

At what age does the arch of the foot form?

A

6-7

47
Q

The COG moves _______ when pregnant.

A

anteriorly

48
Q

In pregnancy there is an increased _______ and _____ lordosis and ______ kyphosis.

A

C;L:T

49
Q

What are 3 examples of treatment principles in terms of postural re-education?

A
  1. Do they have the capacity to change posture
  2. Whole body posture
  3. Use cues to reinforce (verbal, tactile and visual)

PHTH 527 (10 decks)

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