Posture Flashcards
What are two benefits of optimal posture?
- Reduced E cost
2. Reduced stress on anatomical structures
When the LOG runs through joint axis, this = _________.
equilibrium
When the LOG does not run through a joint axis, _____ is created.
torque
When torque is created around a joint axis, _____ is required to counteract this torque. This can be generated by _____ or ______ tissues.
Force; active; passive
LOG falls _______ to lateral malleolus.
anterior
Because of where the LOG falls relative to the lat malleolus, a ________ moment is created, and _______ create stability.
dorsiflexion; plantar flexors
The LOG falls ______ to the knee joint axis.
anterior
Because of where the LOG falls relative to the knee joint, an _______ moment is created.
extension
The maintenance of the knee in an extended position is stabilized by what 4 structures?
- ACL
- Posterior capsule
- Gastrocs and hamstrings
- Soleus
Where does the LOG usually fall relative to the hip joint axis? What type of moment is created?
posterior; extension
What 3 structures is the hip stabilized by?
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Iliopsoas
- Hip extensors
The LOG goes through the vertebral bodies of the __ - spine and ___ - spine.
C;L
LOG falls _______ to the T spine vertebral bodies, creating a ______ moment./
anterior; flexion
What is the T spine position stabilized by?
posterior ligaments
The moment at the spine is greatest at the apex of each curve, = C__/__, T__, L___.
4/5; 6; 3
LOG falls ______ to the head axis, causing a _______ moment.
anterior; flexion
What is the head position stabilized by?
- ligamentum nuchae
- tectorial membrane
- posterior cervical muscles
In what 3 ways do we maintain our body alignment?
- Static stabilizers
- Dynamic stabilizers
- Neural control
Postural muscled have a great ratio of Type ___ fibres.
1
In spinal stability, the NS activates trunk muscles in ________ of the load imposed by limb movement.
anticipation
A postural _______ = posture that deviates from normal alignment but does not create structural limitations.
fault
What 2 things does a postural default result in?
- Increased EE
2. Abnormal stresses on supporting structures
Postural ____ _______ = pain that occurs from mechanical stress when a person maintains a faulty posture for a prolonged period.
pain syndrome
Postural ________ = adaptive shortening of soft tissues and muscle weakness that developed due to prolonged poor postural habits, position assumed following trauma or surgery, and structural factors.
dysfunction
Mechanical stress to pain sensitive structures causes _______ or _______ of nerve endings which lead to experience of pain.
distention; compression
Relieving stress to pain sensitive structure relieves _____ _______.
pain stimulus
What are 3 potential sources of dysfunction in an individual with genu recurvatum?
- Stretched posterior structures
- Compressed patellar fat pad
- Changes posture/mechanics at joints above and below
What are 3 things are defining characteristics of lumbar lordosis?
- Lordosis
- Anterior pelvic tilt
- Hips flexed
What are 6 potential sources of dysfunction in exaggerated lumbar lordosis?
- Weak abdominals
- Short hip flexors and lumbar extensors
- Stretched ALL
- Compressed posterior disc
- Compressed/approximated facet joints
- Narrowing of IVF
____ _____ = pelvis shifted forward vs thorax
sway back
What are 3 postural issues from sway back?
- Increased lumbar lordosis
- Increased thoracic kyphosis
- Increased hip extension
What are 2 potential sources of dysfunction that accompany sway back?
- Stretched iliofemoral ligaments
2. Hip joint dysfunction
_____ _____ = decreased lumbar lordosis + posterior pelvic tilt
flat back
What are 2 possible causes of flat back?
- poor postural habit
2. poor ergonomics
What are 4 potential sources of dysfunction from flat back?
- short abdominals and hip extensors
- long and weak lumbar extensors and poss hip flexors
- loss of normal L spine curve = reduced shock absorption capacity
- Stretched PLL and lumbar erectors
_____ ______ ______ = often associated with protracted scapulae and forward head
exaggerated thoracic kyphosis
What are 4 potential sources of dysfunction of exaggerated thoracic kyphosis?
- Tight muscles of anterior thorax (intercostals)
- Tight muscles of UE originating on thorax (pecs, lats)
- Long and weak thoracic erector spine and scapula retractors
- May related to thoracic outlet syndrome or cervical or shoulder girdle pain
_____ _____ ______ = flexed cervicothoracic junction and extended upper C spine and craniovertebral region
head forward posture
What are 2 possible causes of HFP?
- faulty sitting postures
2. compensatory
What are 6 potential sources of dysfunction of HFP?
- Short lev scapula, SCM, scalenes and sub occipitals
- Weak deep flexors and CT junction erector spinae
- Narrowed IVF’s in upper C spine
- Compressed upper C spine facet joints
- TMJ dysfunction
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
________ ________ = spinal curvature due to an extra spinal source that reduces/resolves when underlying cause is removed.
functional scoliosis
In structural scoliosis, ___% are idiopathic and ___% are secondary to another pathology.
80; 20
In structural scoliosis, the rib hump is on the side of the ________.
convexity
Where is the COG in infants and children?
T12
Genu ____ in ages 1-3, genu _____ up to age 6.
varus; valgus
At what age does the arch of the foot form?
6-7
The COG moves _______ when pregnant.
anteriorly
In pregnancy there is an increased _______ and _____ lordosis and ______ kyphosis.
C;L:T
What are 3 examples of treatment principles in terms of postural re-education?
- Do they have the capacity to change posture
- Whole body posture
- Use cues to reinforce (verbal, tactile and visual)
