Flexibility Flashcards
_________ = excessive movement at a joint, given age and activity
hypermobility
________ = excessive ROM for which there is no protective muscular control
instability
What is considered hypermobility on the Beighton scale for adults? For children?
Adults: greater or equal to 6/9
Kids: greater or equal to 7/9
_______ ________ = disruption of the passive stabilizers and decreased structural integrity
mechanical instability
______ _______ = lack of neuromuscular control of the joint during activities
functional instability
What are the 3 systems in Panjabi’s spinal stability system?
- Passive subsystem
- Active subsystem
- Control subsystem
______ _____ = area where there is very little internal resistance to motion
neutral zone
In the _______ zone there is significant resistance to movement
elastic
Form closure = ____________
osteoligamentous
Force closure = _________
contractile
What are the 4 components of the integrated model of function?
- Form closure
- Force closure
- Motor control
- Emotions
What are 2 causes of hypermobility?
- Traumatic
2. Non-traumatic
What are 4 assessments you would want to complete in a pt with a hx of hyper mobility?
- AROM
- PROM (and end feel)
- Passive accessory glides (and end feel)
- Stability tests
What are two steps in treatment of hypermobility?
- Mobilize hypo mobile tissues or joints
2. Activate and “strengthen” to stabilize the hypermobile/unstable area
What are two purposes of bracing and taping?
- Restrictive
2. Proprioceptive
_________ = decreased mobility or restricted motion
hypomobility
What is one of the largest factors contributing to hypomobility?
prolonged immobilization
___________ = adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon and other soft tissues that cross or surround a joint resulting in significant resistance to passive or active stretch and limitation of ROM
contracture
Contracture is described in terms of the action of the ________ muscle.
shortened
What are the 5 types of contracture?
- Myostatic
- Pseudomyostatic
- Arthrogenic
- Periarticular
- Fibrotic
________ = intrinsic property of body tissues, including muscle and connective tissues, that determines the ROM achievable without injury at a joint
flexibility
________ ________ = stiffness in one muscle group or joint will cause compensatory movement at adjoining joints that are controlled by muscles and soft tissues that exhibit less stiffness.
relative flexibility
What are 5 areas that immobilization may effect?
- Muscle
- Tendon
- Ligament
- Articular cartilage
- Bone
What 3 things decrease in muscles post immobilization,, leading to muscle atrophy and weakness?
- muscle fibre cross-sectional area
- # of myofibrils in a muscle fibre
- Motor unit recruitment
If immobilized in a shortened position, the length tension shift curves ________.
left
If immobilized in a lengthened position, the length tension curves shifts _______.
right
_________ weakness = the weakness that develops from a muscle remaining in an elongated position
stretch
________ shortening = the tightness that developed from a muscle remaining in a shortened position
adaptive
Stretch weakness results in relative weakness in ____ and ______ ROM.
mid; inner
Adaptive shortening leads to relative strength in ______ ROM.
inner
Post-Immobilization, a tendon has decreased ________ strength.
tensile
What 3 things occur to ligaments post immobilization?
- Decreased tensile strength
- Adhesions and stiffness
- Bony resorption at entheses
What 3 things occur to articular cartilage post immobilization?
- Decreased lubrication
2. Softening and fragmentation
Post immobilization, bone has decreased ____ and bone ______ content.
mass; mineral
With aging, there is a _______ in tensile strength, ______ in elasticity, and an ______ in adhesions.
decrease; decrease; increase
With aging, there is a slower rate of adaptation to ______.
stress
Acute effects of response to stretch include muscle length change due to _______ properties and increased stretch _______.
viscoelastic; tolerance
In response to chronic stretch, permanent elongation requires breaking of _________ bonds and realignment of fibres.
collagen
You must use your newly gained range in function or tissue will return to its shortened length (T/F).
TRUE
Internal tissue tension decreases with time of stretch, which is known as ______ ________.
stress relaxation
Tissue length increases with time of stretch, known as ______.
creep
What are the 8 components of stretching exercise prescription?
- Alignment
- Stabilization
- Intensity
- Duration
- Frequency
- Speed of stretch
- Mode of stretch
- Integrate function with stretching
Low intensity stretching is generally accepted as more effective compared to high (T/F).
TRUE
How long and how many sessions per week of stretching is most effective?
5-10 mins, 6 days a week
Is dynamic of static stretching recommend as a pre exercise warm up?
dynamic
_______ applied stretch is less likely to activate the stretch reflex
slowly
______ applied stretch affects viscoelastic properties of connective tissue.
slowly
__________ stretching is useful for chronic contractures
mechanical
What are 3 examples of adjunctive agents to stretching?
- Heat
- Massage
- Joint traction/mobs
