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PHTH 527 > Flexibility > Flashcards

Flexibility Flashcards

1
Q

_________ = excessive movement at a joint, given age and activity

A

hypermobility

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2
Q

________ = excessive ROM for which there is no protective muscular control

A

instability

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3
Q

What is considered hypermobility on the Beighton scale for adults? For children?

A

Adults: greater or equal to 6/9
Kids: greater or equal to 7/9

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4
Q

_______ ________ = disruption of the passive stabilizers and decreased structural integrity

A

mechanical instability

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5
Q

______ _______ = lack of neuromuscular control of the joint during activities

A

functional instability

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6
Q

What are the 3 systems in Panjabi’s spinal stability system?

A
  1. Passive subsystem
  2. Active subsystem
  3. Control subsystem
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7
Q

______ _____ = area where there is very little internal resistance to motion

A

neutral zone

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8
Q

In the _______ zone there is significant resistance to movement

A

elastic

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9
Q

Form closure = ____________

A

osteoligamentous

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10
Q

Force closure = _________

A

contractile

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11
Q

What are the 4 components of the integrated model of function?

A
  1. Form closure
  2. Force closure
  3. Motor control
  4. Emotions
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12
Q

What are 2 causes of hypermobility?

A
  1. Traumatic

2. Non-traumatic

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13
Q

What are 4 assessments you would want to complete in a pt with a hx of hyper mobility?

A
  1. AROM
  2. PROM (and end feel)
  3. Passive accessory glides (and end feel)
  4. Stability tests
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14
Q

What are two steps in treatment of hypermobility?

A
  1. Mobilize hypo mobile tissues or joints

2. Activate and “strengthen” to stabilize the hypermobile/unstable area

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15
Q

What are two purposes of bracing and taping?

A
  1. Restrictive

2. Proprioceptive

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16
Q

_________ = decreased mobility or restricted motion

A

hypomobility

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17
Q

What is one of the largest factors contributing to hypomobility?

A

prolonged immobilization

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18
Q

___________ = adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon and other soft tissues that cross or surround a joint resulting in significant resistance to passive or active stretch and limitation of ROM

A

contracture

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19
Q

Contracture is described in terms of the action of the ________ muscle.

A

shortened

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20
Q

What are the 5 types of contracture?

A
  1. Myostatic
  2. Pseudomyostatic
  3. Arthrogenic
  4. Periarticular
  5. Fibrotic
21
Q

________ = intrinsic property of body tissues, including muscle and connective tissues, that determines the ROM achievable without injury at a joint

A

flexibility

22
Q

________ ________ = stiffness in one muscle group or joint will cause compensatory movement at adjoining joints that are controlled by muscles and soft tissues that exhibit less stiffness.

A

relative flexibility

23
Q

What are 5 areas that immobilization may effect?

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Tendon
  3. Ligament
  4. Articular cartilage
  5. Bone
24
Q

What 3 things decrease in muscles post immobilization,, leading to muscle atrophy and weakness?

A
  1. muscle fibre cross-sectional area
  2. # of myofibrils in a muscle fibre
  3. Motor unit recruitment
25
Q

If immobilized in a shortened position, the length tension shift curves ________.

A

left

26
Q

If immobilized in a lengthened position, the length tension curves shifts _______.

A

right

27
Q

_________ weakness = the weakness that develops from a muscle remaining in an elongated position

A

stretch

28
Q

________ shortening = the tightness that developed from a muscle remaining in a shortened position

A

adaptive

29
Q

Stretch weakness results in relative weakness in ____ and ______ ROM.

A

mid; inner

30
Q

Adaptive shortening leads to relative strength in ______ ROM.

A

inner

31
Q

Post-Immobilization, a tendon has decreased ________ strength.

A

tensile

32
Q

What 3 things occur to ligaments post immobilization?

A
  1. Decreased tensile strength
  2. Adhesions and stiffness
  3. Bony resorption at entheses
33
Q

What 3 things occur to articular cartilage post immobilization?

A
  1. Decreased lubrication

2. Softening and fragmentation

34
Q

Post immobilization, bone has decreased ____ and bone ______ content.

A

mass; mineral

35
Q

With aging, there is a _______ in tensile strength, ______ in elasticity, and an ______ in adhesions.

A

decrease; decrease; increase

36
Q

With aging, there is a slower rate of adaptation to ______.

A

stress

37
Q

Acute effects of response to stretch include muscle length change due to _______ properties and increased stretch _______.

A

viscoelastic; tolerance

38
Q

In response to chronic stretch, permanent elongation requires breaking of _________ bonds and realignment of fibres.

A

collagen

39
Q

You must use your newly gained range in function or tissue will return to its shortened length (T/F).

A

TRUE

40
Q

Internal tissue tension decreases with time of stretch, which is known as ______ ________.

A

stress relaxation

41
Q

Tissue length increases with time of stretch, known as ______.

A

creep

42
Q

What are the 8 components of stretching exercise prescription?

A
  1. Alignment
  2. Stabilization
  3. Intensity
  4. Duration
  5. Frequency
  6. Speed of stretch
  7. Mode of stretch
  8. Integrate function with stretching
43
Q

Low intensity stretching is generally accepted as more effective compared to high (T/F).

A

TRUE

44
Q

How long and how many sessions per week of stretching is most effective?

A

5-10 mins, 6 days a week

45
Q

Is dynamic of static stretching recommend as a pre exercise warm up?

A

dynamic

46
Q

_______ applied stretch is less likely to activate the stretch reflex

A

slowly

47
Q

______ applied stretch affects viscoelastic properties of connective tissue.

A

slowly

48
Q

__________ stretching is useful for chronic contractures

A

mechanical

49
Q

What are 3 examples of adjunctive agents to stretching?

A
  1. Heat
  2. Massage
  3. Joint traction/mobs

PHTH 527 (10 decks)

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