Postural Control, Standing Flashcards
What is the “Center of Gravity” (COG)?
A) The point where the mass of the body is concentrated
B) The distance between the feet while standing
C) The pressure applied to the floor by the body
D) The ability to stand without falling
A) The point where the mass of the body is concentrated
What is “Postural Set”?
A) The posture maintained during a static activity
B) The body’s readiness to support and adjust for anticipated movement
C) A type of exercise for trunk control
D) A clinical test for sensory integration
B) The body’s readiness to support and adjust for anticipated movement
What does “Limits of Stability” refer to?
A) The ability to balance during walking
B) The maximum distance one can lean in any direction without losing balance
C) The height of a person’s center of mass
D) The ability to walk in a straight line
B) The maximum distance one can lean in any direction without losing balance
Which part of the CNS is primarily responsible for coordinating balance and motor control?
A) Cerebellum
B) Frontal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe
A) Cerebellum
Which sensory system detects head position relative to gravity?
A) Visual
B) Vestibular
C) Proprioceptive
D) Auditory
B) Vestibular
What role does proprioception play in postural control?
A) Detects body position and movement through sensory feedback from muscles and joints
B) Provides visual information about the environment
C) Regulates heart rate during movement
D) Controls hand-eye coordination
A) Detects body position and movement through sensory feedback from muscles and joints
What type of postural reaction is primarily involved when a person adjusts their balance using ankle movements?
A) Stepping reaction
B) Ankle strategy
C) Hip strategy
D) Flexion reflex
B) Ankle strategy
Which postural reaction involves larger movements of the hips to control balance?
A) Ankle strategy
B) Hip strategy
C) Stepping reaction
D) Knee flexion
B) Hip strategy
What is the “Stepping Strategy” used for?
A) To control balance in small, subtle movements
B) To regain balance by taking a step when pushed off-center
C) To maintain balance by shifting weight to the arms
D) To prevent slipping on a surface
B) To regain balance by taking a step when pushed off-center
Which standardized test evaluates balance through a series of 14 tasks scored on a 0-4 Likert scale?
A) Timed Up and Go (TUG)
B) Functional Reach Test (FRT)
C) Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
D) Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
C) Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
What is the normal time cutoff for older adults in the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to indicate a greater risk of falls?
A) 7 seconds
B) 10 seconds
C) 12 seconds
D) 15 seconds
C) 12 seconds
What is assessed by the Functional Reach Test (FRT)?
A) A person’s ability to walk in a straight line
B) The maximum distance a person can reach forward while maintaining balance
C) Strength of upper extremities during standing tasks
D) Dynamic balance during sit-to-stand transitions
B) The maximum distance a person can reach forward while maintaining balance
Which test includes both a balance section and a gait section to evaluate postural control?
A) Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
B) Functional Reach Test (FRT)
C) Timed Up and Go (TUG)
D) Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
D) Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
What is a key consideration in evaluating coordination during standing balance tasks?
A) Range of motion in upper limbs
B) Synergistic movements to restore equilibrium
C) Visual acuity
D) Reaction time of hands
B) Synergistic movements to restore equilibrium
What does “Base of Support” (BOS) refer to in postural control?
A) The area under the feet that supports the body’s weight
B) The distance between a person’s arms when reaching forward
C) The height of the individual’s center of mass
D) The force required to maintain balance during a fall
A) The area under the feet that supports the body’s weight
What does “Real vs. Perceived Limits of Stability” mean in postural control?
A) The comparison between actual balance control and what the patient believes they can achieve
B) The comparison of balance while seated vs. standing
C) The discrepancy between functional reach and walking distance
D) A clinical measure of strength and endurance
A) The comparison between actual balance control and what the patient believes they can achieve
Which sensory input is most important when balancing in a dark room?
A) Vestibular
B) Visual
C) Proprioceptive
D) Auditory
A) Vestibular
What is task analysis in the context of postural control?
A) A method of analyzing physical and cognitive components of tasks to optimize performance
B) A treatment intervention to increase cardiovascular endurance
C) An observation method used to assess strength during gait
D) A clinical test to measure sensation in the limbs
A) A method of analyzing physical and cognitive components of tasks to optimize performance
Why is it important to evaluate fatigue during postural control tasks?
A) Fatigue can significantly impact balance and coordination
B) Fatigue only affects upper body strength
C) Fatigue has no impact on balance in postural control tasks
D) Fatigue improves endurance and balance during tasks
A) Fatigue can significantly impact balance and coordination
Which IADL is commonly used to assess standing balance in the clinical setting?
A) Making a sandwich
B) Writing a letter
C) Washing dishes while standing
D) Brushing teeth while seated
C) Washing dishes while standing
Which functional task involves assessing postural control while moving from sitting to standing?
A) Sit-to-Stand test
B) Tinetti Balance Test
C) Functional Reach Test
D) Timed Up and Go
A) Sit-to-Stand test
What is a key difference between neurological and non-neurological conditions in postural control evaluation?
A) Neurological conditions primarily affect upper body strength, while non-neurological conditions affect lower body strength
B) Neurological conditions involve coordination and sensory deficits, while non-neurological conditions are primarily related to musculoskeletal issues
C) Non-neurological conditions always result in better balance
D) Neurological conditions do not affect gait or posture
B) Neurological conditions involve coordination and sensory deficits, while non-neurological conditions are primarily related to musculoskeletal issues
Which of the following diagnoses would most likely require a postural control evaluation?
A) Stroke
B) Headache
C) Carpal tunnel syndrome
D) Hypertension
A) Stroke
Which factor is critical for maintaining postural stability when standing on an unstable surface?
A) Strength of the hand muscles
B) Coordination between proprioception, vision, and vestibular systems
C) Reaction time of the knee reflexes
D) Muscle size
Answer: B) Coordination between proprioception, vision, and vestibular