Motor Learning Flashcards
What type of feedback involves internal sensations during a movement?
A) Extrinsic Feedback
B) Knowledge of Results
C) Intrinsic Feedback
D) Summary Feedback
C) Intrinsic Feedback
What term describes relatively permanent changes in behavior through practice?
A) Performance
B) Learning
C) Retention
D) Rehearsal
B) Learning
Which practice schedule is characterized by intervals of rest that are shorter than the time spent practicing?
A) Massed practice
B) Distributed practice
C) Random practice
D) Blocked practice
A) Massed practice
What phase of learning focuses on using a skill under a variety of circumstances?
A) Acquisition
B) Transfer
C) Retention
D) Performance
B) Transfer
Which type of task involves performing motor skills in a stationary environment?
A) Closed task
B) Open task
C) Continuous motor task
D) Discrete motor task
A) Closed task
What is the first stage in Fitts and Posner’s 3-stage model of learning?
A) Associative stage
B) Cognitive stage
C) Autonomous stage
D) Retention stage
B) Cognitive stage
What type of motor task involves the environment moving at a constant pace?
A) Closed task
B) Consistent motion task
C) Open task
D) Discrete motor task
B) Consistent motion task
What is one of the four main factors that influence learning during functional skills training?
A) Mirror therapy
B) Feedback
C) Mental imagery
D) Robotics
B) Feedback
Which of the following is a feature of autonomous stage learners?
A) Requires frequent feedback
B) Focuses heavily on understanding the task
C) Performs with automaticity
D) Exhibits inconsistent performance
C) Performs with automaticity
Which practice type involves practicing one task repeatedly before moving to the next task?
A) Random practice
B) Blocked practice
C) Variable practice
D) Whole practice
B) Blocked practice
What is an example of extrinsic feedback?
A) Sensation of movement
B) Visual input from a mirror
C) Muscle proprioception
D) Feedback from a therapist
D) Feedback from a therapist
Which technique involves mentally rehearsing a motor task to improve performance?
A) Action observation
B) Constraint-induced movement therapy
C) Mirror therapy
D) Mental imagery
D) Mental imagery
What type of practice allows rest intervals that are longer than the actual practice time?
A) Massed practice
B) Distributed practice
C) Whole practice
D) Blocked practice
B) Distributed practice
What feedback schedule provides feedback after a set of trials rather than after every trial?
A) Immediate feedback
B) Bandwidth feedback
C) Summary feedback
D) Constant feedback
C) Summary feedback
What is the primary goal of practice in a natural setting for motor learning?
A) Increase repetition
B) Simplify tasks
C) Enhance skill generalization
D) Provide feedback
C) Enhance skill generalization
What kind of motor task has a clear start and end point?
A) Continuous motor task
B) Discrete motor task
C) Serial motor task
D) Open task
B) Discrete motor task
Which practice strategy involves breaking a task down into components?
A) Whole practice
B) Random practice
C) Part task strategy
D) Variable practice
C) Part task strategy
Which term refers to feedback on the quality of the movement?
A) Knowledge of performance (KP)
B) Knowledge of results (KR)
C) Intrinsic feedback
D) Bandwidth feedback
A) Knowledge of performance (KP)
Which task involves changing surfaces such as moving from pavement to sand?
A) Closed task
B) Variable motionless task
C) Consistent motion task
D) Open task
B) Variable motionless task
In which stage of learning do clients need the most assistance and feedback?
A) Autonomous stage
B) Cognitive stage
C) Associative stage
D) Retention phase
B) Cognitive stage
Extrinsic Feedback
Definition: Information provided to the learner from an external source, such as a therapist, teacher, or coach, which helps to enhance performance or learning of a task. This feedback is not directly received from the body’s sensory systems but comes from an external observation of the performance.
Knowledge of Results (KR)
Definition: A type of extrinsic feedback that informs the learner about the outcome of their actions. This feedback focuses on the result or success of the movement or task, helping the learner understand whether they achieved the intended goal.
Intrinsic Feedback
Definition: Feedback that comes from the body’s own sensory systems, such as proprioception, vision, and touch. It is the internal sensory information the learner receives about the movement as it is performed.
Summary Feedback
Definition: A feedback schedule where the learner is provided feedback only after a set number of trials or at the end of a practice session, rather than after each individual trial. This method allows the learner to process and reflect on their performance over time.
Action Observation
Definition: A therapeutic technique where patients watch someone perform a movement or task to help facilitate their own motor learning by mentally rehearsing and eventually performing the observed actions.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)
Definition: A rehabilitation technique used to improve the use of an affected limb by constraining the unaffected limb, forcing the use of the affected limb to encourage movement and neuroplasticity.
Definition: A rehabilitation technique used to improve the use of an affected limb by constraining the unaffected limb, forcing the use of the affected limb to encourage movement and neuroplasticity.
Definition: The cognitive process of mentally rehearsing a motor task without actual physical movement, which can improve motor performance by enhancing neural connections related to the movement.
Whole Practice
Definition: A practice strategy where the entire task is practiced as a whole rather than breaking it down into parts, often used for tasks that are continuous and where the integration of components is critical.
Blocked Practice
Definition: A practice schedule in which the same skill or task is repeated multiple times in succession before moving on to another skill. This type of practice is useful for early learning but may limit the ability to transfer skills to new situations.
Immediate Feedback
Definition: Feedback provided immediately after the performance of a task, which allows the learner to correct their actions right away and is often used in the early stages of learning.
Bandwidth Feedback
Definition: A feedback schedule where the therapist only provides feedback when the learner’s performance deviates outside a certain acceptable range or “bandwidth.” This allows for some error correction while promoting self-regulation.
Summary Feedback
Definition: Feedback that is provided after a series of trials rather than after each individual attempt. It summarizes the performance over the set of trials, encouraging reflection and generalization of learning.
Constant Feedback
Definition: A feedback schedule in which feedback is provided after every trial, typically used in the initial stages of learning to help guide performance and reduce errors.
Increase Repetition
Definition: A practice strategy aimed at improving performance through frequent repetitions of a task, which helps to strengthen motor memory and skill acquisition.
Simplify Tasks
Definition: A practice technique where the complexity of a task is reduced to make it easier for the learner to perform, allowing for gradual progression toward more difficult tasks as skills improve.
Continuous Motor Task
Definition: A motor task that has no defined beginning or end, where the movement is ongoing, such as walking or running.
Discrete Motor Task
Definition: A motor task that has a clear start and end point, such as pressing a button or kicking a ball.
Serial Motor Task
Definition: A task that consists of a series of discrete movements performed in a specific order, such as typing or playing a musical instrument.
Open Task
Definition: A motor task performed in a dynamic and unpredictable environment where the conditions are constantly changing, such as playing a soccer game or walking through a crowded area.
Enhance Skill Generalization
Definition: A therapeutic goal where the skills learned in one context are applied to different tasks and environments, ensuring the learner can use the skill in real-world situations.
Provide Feedback
Definition: The act of giving information to the learner about their performance, with the goal of improving future performance. Feedback can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
Which of the following is an assistive device that helps in hand rehabilitation by supporting weak or paralyzed fingers to grasp objects?
A) Mirror therapy
B) Saeboflex
C) Virtual reality
D) Robotics
B) Saeboflex
What rehabilitation technique uses computerized environments to simulate real-life tasks and improve motor learning?
A) Action observation
B) Constraint-induced movement therapy
C) Virtual reality
D) Mental imagery
Answer: C) Virtual reality
Which therapy involves constraining the unaffected limb to encourage use of the affected limb in stroke rehabilitation?
A) Mirror therapy
B) Mental imagery
C) Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)
D) Robotic therapy
C) Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)
Which of the following feedback methods allows gradual reduction of feedback as the learner’s skill improves?
A) Immediate feedback
B) Faded feedback
C) Bandwidth feedback
D) Constant feedback
Answer: B) Faded feedback
Robotics in rehabilitation is primarily used to:
A) Create virtual simulations of tasks
B) Assist with fine motor skills recovery
C) Provide repetitive, precise movements for motor learning
D) Increase mental engagement through action observation
Answer: C) Provide repetitive, precise movements for motor learning
Which feedback type only provides corrective information when the performance falls outside a predetermined range?
A) Knowledge of performance
B) Summary feedback
C) Bandwidth feedback
D) Immediate feedback
C) Bandwidth feedback
In creating an optimal learning environment for clients, occupational therapists should ensure that:
A) The client passively observes activities
B) The environment is highly variable and unpredictable
C) The client is an active participant in meaningful activities
D) Activities are completed without any feedback
Answer: C) The client is an active participant in meaningful activities
When designing a rehabilitation environment, it is important to consider:
A) The task is always performed in isolation from the real world
B) The integration of purposeful activities in a well-structured environment
C) Using only verbal instruction with no environmental context
D) Constantly changing the environment without client input
Answer: B) The integration of purposeful activities in a well-structured environment
What is the primary goal of using robotics in motor rehabilitation?
A) Reduce the need for therapist involvement
B) Provide external feedback on task outcomes
C) Facilitate repetitive motor training with precise movements
D) Focus on mental rehearsal without physical movement
Answer: C) Facilitate repetitive motor training with precise movements
Which of the following best describes the purpose of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)?
A) To use mental imagery for movement rehabilitation
B) To force the use of the affected limb by restricting movement of the unaffected limb
C) To use robotics to enhance fine motor control
D) To mirror the movements of the unaffected limb
Answer: B) To force the use of the affected limb by restricting movement of the unaffected limb
Closed Tasks (The environment is stationary)
Variable Motionless Tasks (The environment is stationary, but spatial factors are changing)
Consistent Motion Tasks (The environment is moving at a constant pace)
Open Tasks (The surface, objects, people, or animals are in motion)
