Postural Control, Muscle Actions and Evaluations Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of the abdominal wall muscles?
A) Balance the head
B) Support vital organs and assist with respiration
C) Control arm movements
D) Maintain hand grip strength
B) Support vital organs and assist with respiration
Which muscle is primarily responsible for trunk extension and lateral flexion?
A) Serratus anterior
B) Rectus abdominis
C) Quadratus lumborum
D) Trapezius
C) Quadratus lumborum
What type of muscle contraction controls movement in the direction of gravity by slowing it down?
A) Concentric contraction
B) Isometric contraction
C) Eccentric contraction
D) Isokinetic contraction
C) Eccentric contraction
Which type of contraction involves maintaining a static position, preventing movement?
A) Isometric
B) Concentric
C) Eccentric
D) Reciprocal
A) Isometric
What is the focus of motor control in postural control?
A) Strengthening individual muscles
B) Coordinating the muscles to perform skilled movements
C) Increasing flexibility of the joints
D) Enhancing cardiovascular endurance
B) Coordinating the muscles to perform skilled movements
Which type of posture shift is caused by voluntary movement leading to instability in the base of support?
A) Static postural shift
B) External perturbation
C) Internal perturbation
D) Dynamic posture shift
C) Internal perturbation
What is an external perturbation?
A) A static movement in a stable environment
B) A shift caused by voluntary movement
C) A disturbance from an outside force, such as being pushed
D) A movement caused by emotional stress
C) A disturbance from an outside force, such as being pushed
Which type of balance test evaluates a person’s ability to maintain balance while sitting without moving?
A) Dynamic sitting balance
B) Static sitting balance
C) Trunk control test
D) Postural alignment test
B) Static sitting balance
What type of balance is assessed during movement tasks such as reaching or transferring?
A) Static sitting balance
B) Dynamic sitting balance
C) Trunk control test
D) Equilibrium test
B) Dynamic sitting balance
Which standardized assessment focuses on evaluating the control of selective trunk movements?
A) Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)
B) Trunk Control Test
C) Berg Balance Test
D) Fugl-Meyer Assessment
A) Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)
What does impaired trunk control most commonly affect?
A) Cognitive function
B) Visual-motor coordination
C) Functional independence in ADLs
D) Fine motor skills
C) Functional independence in ADLs
Which muscle action is most relevant for maintaining trunk control while sitting?
A) Reciprocal inhibition
B) Trunk flexion and extension
C) Elbow flexion
D) Knee extension
B) Trunk flexion and extension
What movement pattern is involved in lower extremity dressing when bending forward to reach your feet?
A) Trunk lateral flexion
B) Trunk extension
C) Trunk flexion
D) Trunk rotation
C) Trunk flexion
Which trunk movement is required when using a cross-leg method during lower extremity dressing?
A) Trunk rotation
B) Lateral flexion
C) Extension
D) Eccentric contraction
B) Lateral flexion
What is a common observation of posture in a client with a posterior pelvic tilt?
A) Forward-leaning trunk
B) Increased lumbar lordosis
C) Flattened lumbar curve and backward-leaning trunk
D) Trunk rotation to one side
C) Flattened lumbar curve and backward-leaning trunk
Which of the following is an example of an internal perturbation in sitting balance?
A) Reaching to pick up an object
B) Sitting still while someone pushes you
C) Sitting on a therapy ball
D) Changing posture due to wind
A) Reaching to pick up an object
What movement pattern is required when aligning back to a sitting position after leaning forward?
A) Trunk flexion
B) Trunk extension
C) Trunk rotation
D) Lateral flexion
B) Trunk extension
Which assessment is used to measure static and dynamic sitting balance in acute care settings?
A) Trunk Control Test
B) Trunk Impairment Scale
C) Berg Balance Test
D) Functional Reach Test
A) Trunk Control Test
In motor control, what is reciprocal innervation?
A) The contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles simultaneously
B) The ability of the nervous system to activate muscles on one side of the joint and inhibit the muscles on the opposite side
C) An involuntary movement pattern
D) A repetitive movement pattern used for motor learning
B) The ability of the nervous system to activate muscles on one side of the joint and inhibit the muscles on the opposite side
Which term describes controlling posture during movement when the base of support is not changed?
A) Static balance
B) Dynamic balance
C) Postural control
D) Internal perturbation
C) Postural control
What trunk movement is required for turning to reach to the side during a functional task?
A) Trunk flexion
B) Trunk rotation
C) Trunk extension
D) Lateral flexion
B) Trunk rotation
Which trunk muscles are primarily responsible for balancing the vertebral column during movement?
A) Abdominal wall muscles
B) Posterior trunk muscles
C) Diaphragm
D) External rotators
B) Posterior trunk muscles
Which condition can lead to decreased functional independence due to impaired trunk control?
A) Carpal tunnel syndrome
B) Stroke
C) Arthritis
D) Tennis elbow
B) Stroke
Which type of feedback is critical during postural control evaluations?
A) Visual feedback
B) Auditory feedback
C) Proprioceptive feedback
D) Social feedback
C) Proprioceptive feedback
Which trunk movement pattern is often impaired in patients with neurological conditions like stroke?
A) Trunk extension
B) Trunk flexion
C) Trunk rotation
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What evaluation technique is used to observe postural alignment in sitting?
A) Muscle testing
B) Observation
C) Gait analysis
D) Upper extremity assessment
B) Observation
What is the importance of evaluating trunk control in ADLs?
A) It helps identify functional impairments that limit independence
B) It is not related to independence in ADLs
C) It only assesses upper body strength
D) It helps in evaluating fine motor skills
A) It helps identify functional impairments that limit independence
What movement pattern is required to reach across the body during lower extremity dressing?
A) Trunk flexion and rotation
B) Trunk extension
C) Trunk lateral flexion
D) Trunk dissociation
A) Trunk flexion and rotation
What does the Trunk Impairment Scale evaluate?
A) Gait
B) Upper extremity function
C) Static and dynamic trunk control
D) Cardiovascular endurance
C) Static and dynamic trunk control
What is the focus of treatment for patients with impaired trunk control?
A) Improving upper extremity strength
B) Enhancing trunk stability and postural control during functional tasks
C) Increasing cardiovascular endurance
D) Strengthening fine motor skills
B) Enhancing trunk stability and postural control during functional tasks
What is the difference between voluntary and automatic movements in motor control?
A) Voluntary movements are reflexive, while automatic movements are conscious
B) Voluntary movements require conscious control, while automatic movements happen without conscious thought
C) Automatic movements are more complex than voluntary movements
D) Voluntary movements occur in response to external stimuli, while automatic movements are triggered internally
B) Voluntary movements require conscious control, while automatic movements happen without conscious thought
What does “dissociation” refer to in the context of motor control?
A) The ability to separate movements of different body parts
B) The inability to move one side of the body
C) The integration of both sides of the body for symmetrical movement
D) Loss of balance during dynamic movements
A) The ability to separate movements of different body parts
Why is it important to undress clients when evaluating postural control?
A) To observe any skin conditions
B) To evaluate muscle tone and postural shifts more accurately
C) To assess flexibility in the trunk
D) To check for muscle imbalances
B) To evaluate muscle tone and postural shifts more accurately
What functional postures are typically evaluated when assessing trunk control?
A) Supine, sitting, standing
B) Supine, prone, standing
C) Sitting, standing, walking
D) Sitting, standing, running
A) Supine, sitting, standing
What happens during internal perturbation in postural control evaluations?
A) An external force causes the patient to lose balance
B) The patient initiates movement and experiences instability due to voluntary motion
C) The environment moves, causing the patient to adjust posture
D) A therapist pushes the patient to assess balance reactions
B) The patient initiates movement and experiences instability due to voluntary motion
What is the focus of the Trunk Control Test?
A) Upper extremity strength during sitting
B) Static and dynamic trunk balance in sitting
C) Dynamic standing balance
D) Reflexive movements during sitting
B) Static and dynamic trunk balance in sitting
Which evaluation method focuses on the quality of selective movement patterns in the trunk?
A) Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)
B) Functional Reach Test
C) Static Balance Test
D) Dynamic Sitting Balance Test
A) Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)
What is the difference between internal and external perturbations in postural control?
A) Internal perturbations are caused by external forces, and external perturbations are self-initiated
B) Internal perturbations are caused by voluntary movements, and external perturbations come from environmental changes
C) Internal perturbations occur during unconscious movements, and external perturbations are controlled consciously
D) Internal perturbations involve balance issues, while external perturbations involve strength issues
B) Internal perturbations are caused by voluntary movements, and external perturbations come from environmental changes
Which of the following is an example of an external perturbation?
A) Reaching for an object while sitting
B) Standing still while the floor moves beneath you
C) Leaning forward to tie your shoe
D) Sitting quietly and reading a book
B) Standing still while the floor moves beneath you
What is a key evaluation method for assessing trunk control during external perturbations?
A) Observing postural adjustments during voluntary movement
B) Testing reactions to environmental changes, such as sitting on a therapy ball or being pushed
C) Checking muscle tone in a resting position
D) Assessing hand-eye coordination
B) Testing reactions to environmental changes, such as sitting on a therapy ball or being pushed
