Postural Control, Balance and Mobility Flashcards
Posture represents
the overall position of the body and limbs relative to one another and their representation in space
Postures can be in _____ and ______ conditions
Static
Dynamic
Postural control involves controlling body’s ______ in space for the dual purposes of _______and ________
Position
Stability
Orientation
Which test can be used to measure stability limits
Reach tests
1-COM (center of mass):
Point that is at the center of the total body mass
Increasing stability limits in older adults and individuals with neurological conditions results in?
decreased risk for falls
BOS (base of support):
The area underneath and between .
______length of the foot + ______ width of stance
Both feet
Anteroposterior
mediolateral
COP (center of pressure):
Vertical projection of the COM
Stability limits
Boundaries of an area of space in which the body can maintain its position without changing the base of support
Balance dictates ______ ____
Postural Alignment
Postural Orientation
The way you position yourself in space - biomechanical alignment of the body + orientation of the body vs. environment
True is false. Postural Stability is the same thing a balance?
true
Postural Stability is the ability to?
stay still in a certain position
maintain the projected centre of mass within stability limits (without changing the base of support)
The ability to maintain the _________within stability limits (without changing the base of support) Is referred to as what?
projected centre of mass Postural Stability (balance)
true or false. Orientation & Stability demands change with each task
True
Postural control requires both
Neural system (perception) Musculoskeletal system
Physical Impairments.
Conditions involving _________ systems can lead to deficits in postural ______ and stability. Why?
neurological
Orientation
because of impairments to neuro + musculo systems
Postural control is under how many control systems. What are they?
UNDER THESE 2 CONTROL SYSTEMS
Anticipatory postural control
Reactive postural control
Advance planning of actions is an example of which control system?
Anticipatory
Actions that cannot be planned in advance due to the unexpected nature of an event is an example of which control system?
Reactive postural control
Goal of postural movement strategies: To _____ the COM of the body to a position of ____following a loss of ______
restore
stability
balance
Postural responses are activated in response to _____, ______and ______ inputs
proprioceptive
visual
vestibular
How many strategies are there to restore COG? what are they?
3
Ankle strategy
Hip strategy
Stepping strategy
In reaction to larger and faster perturbations and when support surface is smaller than the feet. Which Strategy is used?
Hip strategy
Restore COM to a position of stability through body movement centered primarily about the ankle joints
Ankle strategy
Which is always the first strategy?
Ankle strategy
When ankle and hip strategies are insufficient to recover balance, a step or hop is used to bring the support base into alignment under the COM. Which one kicks in?
Stepping strategy ( marks the end of the limit of stability )
Is the last strategy to be used
Stepping strategy
What are Senses contributing to postural control?
Visual system
Somatosensory system
Vestibular system
Position and motion of the head & body with respect to surrounding objects
Reference for verticality
Very important for participants with neurological conditions…Which sense
Visual system
Horizontal info input
2.Somatosensory system
Vertical info input
1.Visual system
Provides Information about head position and motion
Vestibular system
Can a loss of any of these systems be compensated by the other 2 systems?
yes
It appears that under normal conditions, the nervous system may weigh the importance of ______________ info for postural control more heavily than vision and __________ inputs
Somatosensory
Vestibular
Neurological lesions : people rely predominantly on :_______ during the early part of their balance recovery process and then use more _______ inputs
Vision
Somatosensory
Neurological lesions : people rely predominantly on :_______ during the early part of their balance recovery process and then use more _______ inputs
Vision
Somatosensory
True or false. Reducing the availability of 2 senses appears to have a significant effect on postural steadiness in healthy older adults
True
Reducing the availability of ______ appears to have a significant effect on postural steadiness in healthy older adults
two sense
can older adults perform double-legged stance using only one accurate sense.
Yes, but not very well
In older adults which system doesn’t work well?
Vestibular
To maintain standing balance, elderly people with vestibular loss need their… _______ or their ________ ___________
VISION
or Somatosensory function
