Postural Control Flashcards
Term: controlling the body’s position in space
Postural Control
Term: Ability to maintain appropriate relationships between body segements and between the body and the environment for successful task completion
Postural orientation
Term: ability to control the COM in relationship to the BOS
Postural stability
Term: Point at the center of the total body mass
Center of control/mass (COM)
Term: The center of distribution of total force applied to the supporing surface
Center of Pressure (COP)
The relationship between the ___1___ and ___2___ provdies better insight into _____3_____ than either variable alone.
- COM
- COP
- Stability
Postural _____1_____ is obtained when the __2__ is over the ___3___. The ___4___ is the vertical projection of the COM.
- Stability
- COM
- BOS
- COG
List examples that alter the relationship betweenthe COM and BOX. (3)
- Voluntary [leaning foward, reaching, etc]
- External perturbation [pushed in a crowd, bus stops/starts]
- Structural and can develop slowerly or suddenly [age, amputation, etc]
Postural control requirements vary with ____1____ and _____2_____.
- Task
- Environment
Postural control emerges from the interaciton of 3 factors.
- Task
- Individual
- Environment
List the 2 systems responsible for postural control
- MSK
- Neuro
[3. Sensory]
Stability ____1____ change according to the task and individual characteristics. The ____2____ and _____3____ of the COM influence stance.
- Limits
- Position
- Velocity
List the 3 Strategies underlying stance postural control
- Sensory
- Sensorimotor
- Attentional
3 Action systems in postural control
- Higher level planning [cognitive, cortex]
- Coordination [brainstem, semi-automatic]
- Generation [motor neurons and mm]
3 Factors of motor control in quiet stance
- Alignment [vertical COM w/in BOS]
- Muscle tone
- Postural tone
3 Movement strategies during perturbed stance
- Controlling forward and backward sway
- Feedback control
- Feedforward control
List what can occur with the COM moves outside the limits of stability.
- They could fall
- They could grap onto something
- They could enact a “movement strategy” to regain balance
3 Strategies to regain Anterioposterior Stability
- Ankle strategy
- Hip strategy [w/larger perturbations or smaller support surfaces]
- Stepping strategy
Muscle patterns are organized in a ________ to ________ direction starting with the head.
Proximal, distal
In order to know __1__ and __2__ to apply restoring forces, the CNS must have an accurate picture of ____3___ the body is in space and whether it is _____4_____ or in motion.
- When
- How
- Where
- Stationary
Input: Important but not essential and may give us erroneous information
Visual
Inputs: Proprioceptive, cutaneous, and joint receptors, although very helpful in normal situations there are times when this input is not helpful.
Somatosensory
Inputs: by itself cannot provide a true picture of how the body is moving in space
Vestibular
Sensory strategies during quiet stance in healthy young individuals use ___1___ ______2_____ and ____3____. During perturbed stance _____4_____ is not critical. ________5_______ inputs are the most important and ______6______ inputs play a minor role.
- Vision
- Somatosensation
- Vestibular
- Vision
- Somatosensatory
- Vestibular
AS the task is learned there is a _____1_____ in the relative importance of visual inputs and ______2______ on somatosensory inputs for postural control.
- Decrease
- Increase
List the 2 Categories or Fall Risk Factors
- Extrinsic environmental
- Instrinsic
List the 11 Risk Factors for Fall in Community Dwellers
- Mm weakness
- Hx of falls
- Gait deficits
- Balance deficits
- Use of an AD
- Visual deficits
- Arthritis
- Impaired ADLs
- Depression
- Cognitive Impairment
- > 80 yo
Strength _____1_____ with age as does endurance. Spinal _____2_____ shows greatest decline with age, as does ___3___ joint flexibility. This impacts the ability to adjust a moving ___4___.
- Declines
- Flexibility
- Ankle
- COM
Spontaneous sway _____1_____ with each decade of life. Sway _____2_____ increases with age and has more of an impact than sway ____3____.
.1. Increases
- Velocity
- Amplitude
List the 3 ways muscle activity changes with age
- Slower onset
- Change in organization [stereotyped]
- Greater use of hip strategy
List the 3 motor system changes with age
- Muscle weakness
- Impaired timing and organzation of synergistic muscles
- Limitation in adaptability
List the 3 sensory systems that decline with age
- Vision
- Somatosensory
- Vestibular
Older adults are very dependent on __________ for postural stability.
vision
