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PTRS 853 Final > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition is _____1_____ without _____2_____. There are 3 components to cognitive function, disruption of any can result in ____3____. [List the 3 components]

A
  1. Thinking
  2. Language
  3. Dementia

[Components = cognition, memory, language]

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2
Q

1 = how things work

  1. = data storehouse

3 = “story” of memory

A
  1. Cognition
  2. Memory
  3. Language
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3
Q

Area:

  • Knowledge acquisition
  • Comprehension
  • Thinking
  • Knowing
  • Remembering
A

Temporoparietal areas

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4
Q

Area:

  • Judgement
  • Problem Solving
  • Imagination
  • Planning
A

Frontal areas

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5
Q

In those with dementia ____1____ memory fails first. They can usually get by in their surroudings with their ____2____ memory. However, once they are put in a new environment their ____3____ memory can no longer be relied on and they are forced to use their ____4____ memory which is no longer functioning. This can lead to a drastic can in _____5_____.

A
  1. Explicit
  2. Implicit
  3. Implicit
  4. Explicit
  5. Function
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6
Q

1 = What is it?

2 = How does it relate to me?

3 = How do I feel about it?

4 = What do I think about it?

A
  1. Occipital Lobe
  2. Temporal Lobe
  3. Limbic System
  4. Frontal Lobe

**Occipital function tends to stay intact, the other areas tend to slowly deteriorate in dementia**

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7
Q

Brain aging begins between ____1____ years of age. There is an ____2____ risk for brain injury and reliance on ____3____ memory. Decisions are replaced by ____4____ and ___5___.

A
  1. 20-30
  2. Increased
  3. Procedural
  4. Routine
  5. Ritual
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8
Q

Changes in the Brain with Aging (5)

A
  1. Decreased capillary/arteriole density
  2. Decreased BF
  3. Decreased brain weight
  4. Increased ventricular volume
  5. Increased subarachnoid space
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9
Q

Type of Cognitive Impairment:

  • Distrubance of consciousness
  • Change in cognition
  • Acute onset [transient]
  • Fluctuating sympomts
  • Evidence of medical etioogy
A

Delirium

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10
Q

List the 2 hallmarks of delirium

A
  1. Acute onset [transient
  2. Fluctuating symptoms
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11
Q

Delirum is a strong predictor of poor _____1_____ and ____2____ satus in the year following hospital admission.

A
  1. Functional
  2. Cognitive
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12
Q

Describe how delirium is diagnosed

A

Using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). In order to be diagnosed you look at the following criteria

  1. Acute onset and fluctuating course
  2. Altered level of consciousness
  3. Inattention
  4. Disorganized thinking

Dx = 1, 2, 3, OR 1, 2, 4 OR 1, 2, 3, 4

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13
Q

Type of Cognitive Impairment:

  • Impairments in thinking and memory that do NOT interfere with everyday activities
A

Mild Cognitive Impairment

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14
Q

List the 2 types of mild cogntive impairment

A
  1. Amnestic-type [memory only]
  2. Multi-domain [judgement and/or language]
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15
Q

Type of Cognitive Impairment:

  • Forgets names
  • Loses objects
  • Forgets items on a list
  • Forgets multiple tasks
  • Forgets phone numbers
  • Unable to recall info. after distraction
A

Mild Cognitive Impairment

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16
Q

What is one hallmark of mild cognitive impairment

A

Unable to recall info after distraction

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17
Q

Detection of mild cognitive impairment (8)

A
  • Reaction time
  • Dual-task performance
  • Word fluency
  • Category fluency
  • Delayed verbal recall
  • Narrative recall
  • Name-face pair recall
  • Complex figure copying
18
Q

Type of Cognitive Impairment:

  • Syndrome of impairment in memor and at least on other cognitive ability [language, visuospatial function, executive function]
A

Dementia

19
Q

Term: Recognition of common objects

A

Visuospatial function

20
Q

Term: Motor function, abstract and complex thought, and/or judgement

A

Executive function

21
Q

Type of Cognitive Impairment:

  • Forgetfulness
  • Confusion
  • Weight loss
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Gait abnormalities
  • ADL deficits
A

Dementia [early signs]

22
Q

Early Signs of Dementia (6)

A
  • Forgetfulness
  • Confusion
  • Weight loss
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Gait abnormalities
  • ADL deficits
23
Q

Type of Cognitive Impairment

  • Degenerative
  • Irreversible
  • Ultimately fatal
  • 70% of all dementia
A

Alzheimer’s Disease

24
Q

Describe the pathology of AD (3)

A
  1. Beta amyloid protein accumulation OUTSIDE neurons [plaques]
  2. Tau protein accumulation INSIDE neurons [tangles]
  3. Genetic Mutation [ApoE4 = incresed risk]
25
Q

Stage of AD:

  • 2-4 yrs
  • Repeats questions
  • Anhedonia
  • Word finding problems
  • Frequently loses items
  • Personality changes
A

Stage 1

26
Q

Stage of AD

  • 2-10 yrs
  • Becomes lost easily
  • Confusion over recent events
  • ADL impairments
  • Argumentative
  • Pacing
  • Anxiety/Depression
  • Delusions
A

Stage 2

27
Q

Stage of AD:

  • 1-3 yrs
  • Impaired speech/comprehension
  • Unable to recognize family/friends
  • Unable to recognize self
A

Stage 3 [Terminal]

28
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for AD (5)

A
  1. Deficit in memory and at leat one other cognitive domain
  2. Decline from previous function that interferes w/social or occupational functioning
  3. Gradual onset and continuous decline (>6 mo)
  4. Not due to other systemic, CNS, psychiatric, or drug induced condition
  5. Consciousness remains unaltered
29
Q

Type of Dementia:

  • Little stroke over time resulting in cognitive loss with sx similar to AD
  • Subdivided into: cortical, subcortical, strategic, hypoperfusion, hemorrhagic, mixed
  • 2nd most common
A

Vascular Dementia

30
Q

Type of Dementia:

  • Hemiparesis
  • Visual deficits
  • Incontinence
  • Pseudobulbar signs [Uncontrolled laughing/crying]
  • Executive deficits
  • Psychomotor impairment
  • Personality / mood change
  • Hyperreflexia [No seen in AD]
  • Gait disturbance
A

Vascular dementia

31
Q

List the 3 types of vascular dementia

A
  1. Multi-infarct demenita
  2. Binswanger’s disease [subcortical, psychomotor deficits]
  3. CADASIL [linked to migraines]
32
Q

List the 3 types of frontotemporal dementia

A
  1. Orbitofrontal [monitoring affected]
  2. Anterior cingulate [motivation affected]
  3. Dorsolateral prefrontal [executive function affected]
33
Q

Type of Dementia:

  • Characterized by pick bodies and cells
  • Anbormal formation/accumulation of tau without associated plaques
  • Agressive, inappropriate behavior
  • Incontinence
A

Pick’s Disease [frontal/temporal lobes]

34
Q

____1_____ may occur with parkinsonianism.

A

Pick’s disease

35
Q

Type of Dementia:

  • Associated with left temporal dysfunction
  • Loss of semantic memory and knowledge
  • Initial sparing of epidosic memory and other cogntive functions
  • Impairment of language syntax, phonoly may occur
  • Progresses to full FTD in 5-10 years
A

Semantic Dementia

36
Q

Type of Dementia:

  • Loss of expressive languate
  • Comprehension often spared, esp. in early stages
  • Most prgress to full FTD
  • Similar to PD without motor symptoms
A

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)

37
Q

Type of Dementia:

  • Accumulation of alpha-synucleim protein inside neural nuclei
  • Close association with PD and AD
  • 3rd most common form of dementia
A

Lewy Body Dementia

38
Q

Type of Dementia:

  • Striking fluctuations in cognition
  • Visual hallucinations
  • Bradykinesia
  • Parkinsoniam posture and gait
  • Overlaps with AD
A

Lewy Body Dementia

39
Q

3 things people with cognitive impairment cannot due in their environment

A
  1. Comprehend their environment
  2. Adapt to the environment
  3. Cope with the environment
40
Q

Strategies for working with those with cognitive impairment (5)

A
  1. STAY CALM
  2. Use familiar/personal items when possible
  3. Non-stressful environment
  4. Provide orientation and structure
  5. Avoid boundary violations

PTRS 853 Final (10 decks)

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