postpartum complications Flashcards

1
Q

clinical manifestations for perinatal depression?

A

symptoms that last for > 2 weeks

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2
Q

treatment for perinatal depression?

A
  1. antidepressants SSRIs eg fluoxetine
  2. norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs eg venlafaxine
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3
Q

risk factors of PPH?

A
  1. prolonged delivery
  2. C-sect delivery
  3. Hx of PPH
  4. placental disorders
  5. overdistended uterus due to polyhydramnios, multiple gestation or macrosomic infant
  6. infection
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4
Q

cause of PPH?

A

4 Ts
1. tone (uterine atony)
2. trauma (damage to reproductive organs eg ovary)
3. tissue (placental fragments remain)
4. thrombin (Von Willebrand - condition where blood clots are unable to form)

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5
Q

clinical manifestations of PPH?

A
  1. boggy, soft uterus
  2. perineal pad filled with blood in < 1h (vaginal birth >500ml; c-sect >1L)
  3. blood clots
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6
Q

what does overt mean?

A

large amts of blood lost

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7
Q

what does occult mean?

A

blood pools up in the body or haematoma in uterus/ abdominal cavity

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8
Q

treatment for PPH?

A
  1. bimanual uterine massage
  2. oxytocin
    for severe cases,
  3. intrauterine balloon tamponade (balloon compresses blood vessels)
  4. uterine artery ligation (block blood vessels)
  5. hysterectomy
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9
Q

nursing mgmt for PPH pts?

A
  • massage (ctrl bleeding)
  • elevate legs 30 degrees
  • IV fluids
  • monitor i/p & o/p for indwelling catheter
  • vital signs
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10
Q

explain placenta previa

A

placenta at the lower part of the uterus, blocking the cervix (previa- exit)

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11
Q

explain placenta accreta

A

placenta attaches too deeply and cannot separate from the uterine lining after delivery

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12
Q

explain placental abruption

A

placenta partly or completely separates from the uterine lining before delivery

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13
Q

what is mastitis?

A

inflammation of breast tissue (due to clogged milk ducts & inadequate milk emptying)

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14
Q

what is chorioamnionitis?

A

inflammation of amniotic fluid (caused by ascending infection)

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15
Q

what is endometritis?

A

inflammation of endometrium

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16
Q

what is myometritis?

A

inflammation of myometrium

17
Q

what is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of peritoneum

18
Q

what other infections can endometritis result in?

A

salpingitis (fallopian tube)
oophoritis (ovaries)

19
Q

what is cystitis?

A

inflammation of bladder

20
Q

what infection can cystitis result in?

A

pylonephritis (inflammation of kidneys)

21
Q

what are the complications of UTI?

A

by ascending infection,
it can cause endometritis, myometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, peritonitis, cystitis, pylonephritis

22
Q

what is dysuria?

A

pain when urinating

23
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of postpartum infections?

A

fever > 38C, malaise (feeling of discomfort), loss of appetite, tachycardia
1. endometritis - abdominal pain, foul-smelling discharge, uterine involution
2. septic pelvic thrombophlebitis - abdominal/ flank pain
3. wound - swelling, discharge, pus
4. mastitis - hard lumps, redness
5. UTI - dysuria, foul-smelling urine

24
Q

postpartum infections?

A

mastitis, UTI and septic pelvic thrombophlebitis

25
Q

what is septic pelvic thrombophlebitis?

A

inflammation of septic vein caused by blood clots

26
Q

what are the complications of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis?

A

septic shock which can result in death

27
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis?

A

abdominal/ flank pain

28
Q

what is the diagnosis for septic pelvic thrombophlebitis?

A

coagulation studies

29
Q

what is the treatment for septic pelvic thrombophlebitis?

A

anticoagulants

30
Q

what is necrotising fasciitis?

A

severe wound infection

31
Q

what is the cause of postpartum infections?

A

anaerobic & aerobic bacteria

32
Q

what does iatrogenic mean?

A

relating to illness caused by a medical exam