postpartum complications Flashcards
clinical manifestations for perinatal depression?
symptoms that last for > 2 weeks
treatment for perinatal depression?
- antidepressants SSRIs eg fluoxetine
- norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs eg venlafaxine
risk factors of PPH?
- prolonged delivery
- C-sect delivery
- Hx of PPH
- placental disorders
- overdistended uterus due to polyhydramnios, multiple gestation or macrosomic infant
- infection
cause of PPH?
4 Ts
1. tone (uterine atony)
2. trauma (damage to reproductive organs eg ovary)
3. tissue (placental fragments remain)
4. thrombin (Von Willebrand - condition where blood clots are unable to form)
clinical manifestations of PPH?
- boggy, soft uterus
- perineal pad filled with blood in < 1h (vaginal birth >500ml; c-sect >1L)
- blood clots
what does overt mean?
large amts of blood lost
what does occult mean?
blood pools up in the body or haematoma in uterus/ abdominal cavity
treatment for PPH?
- bimanual uterine massage
- oxytocin
for severe cases, - intrauterine balloon tamponade (balloon compresses blood vessels)
- uterine artery ligation (block blood vessels)
- hysterectomy
nursing mgmt for PPH pts?
- massage (ctrl bleeding)
- elevate legs 30 degrees
- IV fluids
- monitor i/p & o/p for indwelling catheter
- vital signs
explain placenta previa
placenta at the lower part of the uterus, blocking the cervix (previa- exit)
explain placenta accreta
placenta attaches too deeply and cannot separate from the uterine lining after delivery
explain placental abruption
placenta partly or completely separates from the uterine lining before delivery
what is mastitis?
inflammation of breast tissue (due to clogged milk ducts & inadequate milk emptying)
what is chorioamnionitis?
inflammation of amniotic fluid (caused by ascending infection)
what is endometritis?
inflammation of endometrium