gynae Flashcards
cause of breast cancer?
unknown
risk factors of breast cancer?
- age > 50
- fam hx
- caucasian
- obesity, smoking, alc
- ABSENCE OF BREASTFEEDING
- increased estrogen exposure (nulliparity, late first pregnancy >30y, early menarche <12y, late menopause >55y)
- radiation
- mutation
what is mastectomy?
removal of breast
what is paget’s disease of breast?
form of breast cancer/ ductal carcinoma that affects the nipple & areola, giving rise to Pink, Peeling nipple
what is inflammatory breast cancer?
affects the whole breast, gives rise to Peau D’Orange skin
what is the cause of cervical cancer?
HPV
risk factors of cervical cancer?
- fam hx
- obesity, smoking, alc
- multiple sex partners
- early sex age
- unprotected sex
- compromised immune system **
- long term use of oral contraceptive pills **
how often should women perform a self exam on their breasts?
women should perform it 3-5 days after their menses start. those undergoing menopause should perform it on the same day each month.
clinical manifestations of cervical cancer?
- painless vaginal bleeding
- spotting b/w periods
- menorrhagia (heavy menstrual flow)
- foul-smelling discharge
- dyspareunia
- vaginal discomfort
treatment for cervical cancer?
for precancerous lesions, cryosurgery & laser surgery. for small ones, conization (cold-knife & LEEP). for large ones, hysterectomy
what is colposcopy?
procedure to examine cervix
