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Pathology > Postmortem Changes-Descriptions (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Postmortem Changes-Descriptions (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Disease

A

Any deviation from the normal structure or function

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2
Q

What are the 5 pathological processes?

A
  • Degeneration/Necrosis
  • Inflammation and Repair
  • Circulatory Disorders
  • Disorders of Growth
  • Deposits and Pigmentations
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3
Q

Define Lesion

A

Any morphological change in tissues during disease

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4
Q

What does a Morphologic Diagnosis include?

A
  • Pathological process
  • Location/organ
  • Distribution
  • Duration/chronicity
  • Severity
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5
Q

What does an Etiologic diagnosis include?

A
  • Pathological process
  • Location
  • Cause
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6
Q

Define Pathognomonic lesions

A

Characteristic of a specific disease

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7
Q

What are areas to avoid doing a necropsy?

A
  • Areas accessible to animals
  • Areas which may contain food
  • High traffic areas
  • Areas difficult to disinfect
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8
Q

What are good spots to do a necropsy?

A
  • Concrete
  • Dirt area in the sun
  • Straw bed
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9
Q

What are the PM steps for a necropsy?

A
  • External examination
  • Open body cavities
  • Collect microbiologic samples
  • Remove and dissect organs
  • Collect histologic samples
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10
Q

What is the proper ratio of foramlin:tissue?

How far will the formalin penetrate the tissue?

A

10:1 ratio of formalin:tissue

No more than 1/2 cm of the tissue

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11
Q

What is autolysis?

A
  • Self-digestion or degradation of cells and tissues by hydrolytic enzymes
  • Occurs after somatic death due to hypoxia
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12
Q

What is putrefaction?

A
  • Process by which PM bacteria break down tissues

- Gives color, texture changes, gas production, and odors

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13
Q

What is Rigor Mortis?

What causes it/accelerates it?

A
  • Contraction of the muscles after death
  • 1-6 hours post death for 1-2 days
  • High heat and activity before death accelerate the onset
  • Caused by depletion of ATP and inability of myosin to detach from actin binding site
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14
Q

What is liver mortis?

A
  • gravity pulls blood post death

- pools in one area

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15
Q

Describe an Antemortem blood clot

A
  • attached to vessel walls
  • dry and dull
  • lamellated
  • friable
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16
Q

Describe a Postmortem blood clot

A
  • unattached
  • shiny and wet
  • elastic
  • perfect cast of vessel lumen
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17
Q

What is hemoglobin imbibition?

A
  • Hemoglobin is released by lysed RBCs, penetrates vessels walls, and diffuses into adjacent tissues
  • Stains the tissues red
18
Q

What is bile imbibition?

A
  • Bile from gallbladder penetrates the wall and stains adjacent tissues a yellow-green
  • Tissues stained are those in contact with gallbladder: liver, intestines, diaphragm
19
Q

What causes postmortem bloat?

How can you distinguish it from ruminal tympany?

A
  • Results from PM bacterial gas formation in GI tract

- Tympany will cause an esophageal bloat line from lack of blood

20
Q

What are cold cataracts?

A

corneal opacity due to dehydration of cornea

21
Q

What is pseudomelanosis?

A
  • Decomposition of blood by bacterial action forming hydrogen sulfide with iron
  • Greenish-blackish discoloration
  • Tissues in contact with the gut
22
Q

What are the features of a description?

A

number, size, location, distribution, shape, color, consistency, margins/surface

23
Q

Focal distribution refers to?

A

one isolated lesion

24
Q

Multifocal distribution refers to?

What can it tell you about the route of spread?

A
  • numerous similar lesions that can be of variable size

- embolic/hematogenous route

25
Q

Diffuse distribution refers to?

A

lesion throughout a large portion of the effected tissue

26
Q

What does locally extensive distribution tell you about the route of spread?

A

local introduction via penetrating wound or anatomic pathway

27
Q

What does a symmetrical lesion indicate?

A

systemic/metabolic cause of the lesion

28
Q

What does a raised lesion tell you?

A

Something has been added

- edema, blood, hyperplastic cells

29
Q

What does a depressed lesion tell you?

A

Something has been lost (necrosis) or the tissue has contracted

30
Q

What does a geometric lesion tell you?

A

the lesion involves vasculature

31
Q

What could a red lesion be due to?

A
  • hemorrhage

- congestion

32
Q

What could a white lesion be due to?

A
  • necrosis
  • leukocytes
  • fibrin
  • connective tissue
33
Q

What could a yellow lesion be due to?

A
  • leukocytes
  • bilirubin
  • fat
  • fibrin
34
Q

What could a green lesion be due to?

A
  • bile pigment
  • eosinophils
  • algae of fungal infection
  • hemosiderin
35
Q

What could a black lesion be due to?

A
  • melanin
  • decomposition
  • exogenous pigment
36
Q

What could a translucent lesion be due to?

A
  • mucous

- parasite cyst

37
Q

What is the lesion if it “can spread with a knife?”

A

necrosis and exudate

38
Q

What is the lesion if it “can’t spread with a knife?”

A

viable tissue and cells

39
Q

What does a lesion with a well demarcated margin tell you?

A
  • lesion represents a different tissue
  • infarcts
  • chronic lesion with fibrous capsule
40
Q

What does a lesion with a poorly demarcated margin tell you?

A
  • the lesion and adjacent tissue may be similar

- the process is gradually infiltrating into the normal tissue

Pathology (11 decks)

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