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Block 3 Anantomy (Head and Neck) > Posterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the Neck

The skin of back of scalp and back of neck is supplied by _______ of spinal nerves C2-C5.

A

dorsal rami

Note: The dorsal rami of C1 and C6-C8 normally have no cutaneous distribution.

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2
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the Neck

The skin of anterior and lateral aspects of neck is supplied by _______ of C2-C4 spinal nerves via cutaneous branches of cervical plexus; they emerge from underneath posterior border of ________.

A

ventral rami

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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3
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the Neck

–_________ (C2 or C2, C3)

  • Follows posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Supplies skin over lateral part of occipital region and upper part of medial surface of auricle
A

Lesser occipital nerve

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4
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the Neck

– _______ (C2, C3)

  • Ascends superficial to sternocleidomastoid, parallel to external jugular vein
  • Supplies skin over angle of mandible and parotid gland, and both surfaces of lower part of auricle
A

Great auricular nerve

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5
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the Neck

• _________ (C2, C3)

– Runs anteriorly, superficial to sternocleidomastoid
– Supplies skin of anterior and lateral aspects of neck

A

Transverse cervical nerve

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6
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the Neck

• __________- (C3, C4)

– Arise by a common trunk, which divides into medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclavicular nerves
– Descend across side of lower neck
– Supply skin at base of neck and skin that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

A

Supraclavicular nerves

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7
Q

Thin muscle embedded in superficial fascia of neck

A

Platysma

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8
Q

Platysma Origin: ________ that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

A

deep fascia

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9
Q

Platysma Insertion: fibers pass superficial to _____ and run superiorly and medially over side of ______, some fibers insert into lower border of body of mandible, other fibers enter face and blend with muscles of lower lip and angle of mouth.

A
  1. clavicle

2. neck

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10
Q

Platysma Nerve supply: cervical branch of ________.

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

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11
Q

Platysma Actions

A

– Tenses skin of neck
– Helps to depress mandible
– Draws down lower lip and angle of mouth

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12
Q

The external jugular vein begins posterior to angle of mandible by union of posterior _________ and posterior branch of __________.

A

The external jugular vein begins posterior to angle of mandible by union of posterior auricular vein and posterior branch of retromandibular vein.

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13
Q

_______: drains scalp posterior and superior to auricle

A

Posterior auricular vein

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14
Q

_______: formed within parotid gland by union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins. At lower end of gland it divides into ___ and _____ branches

A

Retromandibular vein

– Anterior branch joins facial vein
– Posterior branch joins posterior auricular vein to form external jugular vein

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15
Q

The _____________ descends obliquely, superficial to sternocleidomastoid, toward middle of clavicle, pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia, then drains into subclavian vein.

A

external jugular vein

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16
Q

External Jugular Vein Tributaries:

A
  1. Transverse cervical
  2. Suprascapular
  3. Anterior Jugular Veins
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17
Q

The ________ begins in the submental region by the union of several small veins.

A

anterior jugular vein

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18
Q

The anterior jugular vein descends close to the anterior midline, just superior to jugular (suprasternal) notch of sternum it turns laterally and passes posterior (deep) to sternocleidomastoid, then drains into external jugular vein.

Right and left anterior jugular veins are usually joined across midline by _________.

A

jugular venous arch

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19
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Origin: The anterior surface of the manubrium of sternum (_______) and superior surface of medial third of clavicle (________).

A

sternal head

clavicular head

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20
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion: Two heads of origin join, muscle passes superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally, then inserts into _____ and lateral part of superior nuchal line.

A

mastoid process

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21
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Nerve supply: ___________(motor) and branches from _______ of C2 and C3 spinal nerves (proprioceptive?).

A

accessory nerve

ventral rami

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22
Q

Sternocleidomastoid divides anterolateral part of neck into anterior and ________.

A

posterior triangles

23
Q

What are the sternocleidomastoid actions?

A

Unilateral contraction and Bilateral contraction

24
Q

What is sternocleidomastoid unilateral contraction?

A

– Lateral flexion of head and neck to same side of contracting muscle
– Rotation of head and neck to opposite side of contracting muscle

25
Q

What is sternocleidomastoid bilateral contraction?

A

– Draw head forward
– Flexion of head and neck against resistance (rising from supine position)
– If head is fixed, it can act as an accessory muscle of inspiration

26
Q

Consists of connective tissue that supports muscles, vessels, nerves, and viscera of neck.

A

Deep Cervical Fascia

27
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia has layers and they are:

A 
Investing layer
Pretracheal layer 
Prevertebral layer 
Carotid sheath
Retropharyngeal space
28
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia:
Investing layer is more superficially located. It completely encircles the neck like a collar, splitting to enclose ________ and _______. It roofs over anterior and posterior triangles.

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

29
Q

The pretracheal layer is located in anterior part of neck it has a muscular part (encloses infrahyoid muscles) and a visceral part (encloses thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, larynx, and pharynx). When it is posterior to pharynx and esophagus it is known as _________.

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

30
Q

The ______ is located in the posterior part of neck. It surrounds the cervical vertebrae and anterior and posterior vertebral muscles.

A

prevertebral layer

31
Q

The carotid sheath is a fascial tube extending from base of skull to root of neck. It has the _______, _________, ______, and _______.

A
  1. common carotid arteries,
  2. internal carotid arteries
  3. internal jugular vein
  4. vagus nerve.
32
Q

___________is the nterval between buccopharyngeal fascia (anteriorly) and prevertebral fascia (posteriorl). It is filled with loose connective tissue and it is closed laterally by carotid sheaths. This space extends from the base of skull (superiorly) to mediastinum (inferiorly). Its loose connective tissue accommodates movements of pharynx and esophagus during swallowing.

A

Retropharyngeal space

33
Q

_________ represents a pathway through which neck infections can spread to mediastinum.

A

Retropharyngeal space

34
Q

Posterior Triangle of the Neck has boundaries:

A

Anteriorly: posterior border of sternocleidomastoid Posteriorly: anterior border of trapezius
Inferiorly: middle 1/3 of clavicle
Covered by skin, superficial fascia, platysma, and investing layer of deep cervical fascia.
Floor: splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus posterior, and scalenus medius (all covered by prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia); small part of scalenus anterior may be present, but it is usually hidden by sternocleidomastoid

35
Q

Posterior Triangle of the Neck:
• ___________-crosses inferior part of posterior triangle
– Divides posterior triangle into occipital triangle (above it) and supraclavicular (omoclavicular or subclavian) triangle (below it)

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid

36
Q

_________ Origin: transverse processes of C3 to C6 vertebrae

A

Scalenus Anterior

37
Q

________ Insertion: superior surface of 1st rib and scalene tubercle (bony prominence on medial border of 1st rib).

A

Scalenus Anterior

38
Q

Scalenus Anterior Relations

– Anterior to scalenus anterior:

A

Anterior Subclavian vein, phrenic nerve, superficial (transverse) cervical and suprascapular arteries (branches of thyrocervical trunk), and terminal part of thoracic duct (on left side)

39
Q

Scalenus Anterior Relations

– Posterior to scalenus anterior

A

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery (pass through interscalene triangle (bounded by scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and 1st rib)

40
Q
  • Largest and longest of scalene muscles
  • Origin: transverse processes of C2 to C7 vertebrae
  • Insertion: superior surface of 1st rib, between costal tubercle and groove for subclavian artery
A

Scalenus Medius

41
Q
  • Smallest of scalene muscles
  • Origin: transverse processes of C4 to C6 vertebrae
  • Insertion: outer surface of 2nd rib
A

Scalenus Posterior

42
Q

Scalene Muscles
• Nerve Supply of Scalene Muscles
–Direct muscular branches from ________ of cervical spinal nerves

A

ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

43
Q

• Actions of Scalene Muscles
–Lateral flexion of neck
–Accessory muscles of ____________

A

inspiration (elevate 1st and 2nd ribs in forced inspiration)

44
Q

________ has inferior and superior bellies connected by an intermediate tendon.

A

Omohyoid

45
Q

Omohyoid

• ______ Attaches to superior border of scapula, just medial to suprascapular notch; passes anteriorly and superiorly, across lower part of posterior triangle of neck, then passes deep to sternocleidomastoid and ends in intermediate tendon

A

Inferior belly

46
Q

Omohyoid
• __________ Begins at intermediate tendon, ascends almost vertically in anterior triangle of neck, then attaches to body of hyoid

A

Superior belly

47
Q

Omohyoid
• Angulated course of muscle is maintained by ________ that surrounds intermediate tendon and attaches inferiorly to clavicle and 1st rib

A

loop of deep cervical fascia

48
Q

Omohyoid

• Nerve supply: __________ (ventral rami of C1 to C3)

A

ansa cervicalis

49
Q

Omohyoid

Action: depresses ________

A

hyoid bone

50
Q

What are the arteries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

• Arteries: subclavian artery (3rd part), superficial (transverse) cervical artery, suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, occipital artery

A
  1. Subclavian artery (3rd part)
  2. Superficial (transverse) cervical artery
  3. Suprascapular artery
  4. Dorsal scapular artery
  5. Occipital artery
51
Q

What are the veins of the posterior triangle of the neck?

  • Nerves: brachial plexus and branches arising from its roots and trunks, accessory nerve, branches of cervical plexus
  • Some cervical lymph nodes (along course of accessory nerve and superficial/transverse cervical vessels)
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
A

• Veins: external jugular vein and its tributaries, subclavian vein (occasionally)

52
Q

What are the nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

• Nerves: brachial plexus and branches arising from its roots and trunks, accessory nerve, branches of cervical plexus

53
Q

What are some other features of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Some cervical lymph nodes (along course of accessory nerve and superficial/transverse cervical vessels)
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Block 3 Anantomy (Head and Neck) (6 decks)

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