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Block 3 Anantomy (Head and Neck) > Anterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

–Anteriorly: midline of neck

–Posteriorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid –Superiorly: inferior border of body of mandible

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2
Q

What are the muscle groupos of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Muscle groups
–Infrahyoid muscles
–Suprahyoid muscles
–Anterior vertebral muscles

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3
Q

Thin, strap-like muscles

A

Infrahyoid Muscles

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4
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles consist of:

A

–Sternohyoid
–Sternothyroid
–Thyrohyoid
–Omohyoid

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5
Q

Sternohyoid

• Located superficially, medial to ______ of omohyoid

A

superior belly

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6
Q

Sternohyoid

• Origin: posterior surfaces of _______ and sternal end of ___________

A

manubrium of sternum and end of clavicle

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7
Q

Sternohyoid

• Insertion: ________

A

body of hyoid

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8
Q

Sternohyoid

• Nerve supply: ________ (C1-C3)

A

ansa cervicalis

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9
Q

Sternohyoid

• Action: depresses ______ bone

A

depresses hyoid bone

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10
Q
  • Located deep to sternohyoid
  • Origin: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
  • Insertion: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
  • Nerve supply: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
  • Action: depresses larynx
A

Sternothyroid

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11
Q
  • Upward continuation of sternothyroid
  • Origin: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
  • Insertion: runs superiorly over thyrohyoid membrane, inserts into greater horn and body of hyoid
  • Nerve supply: C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve
  • Action: depresses hyoid bone or elevates larynx
A

Thyrohyoid

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12
Q

Nerve loop that contains fibers from ventral rami of C1 to C3 spinal nerves.

A

Ansa Cervicalis

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13
Q

The lower root of the ansa cervicalis is a direct branch of _______. It contains fibers from ventral rami of C2 and C3 and it passes superficial (or deep) to internal jugular vein. It joins upper root to form ansa.

A

cervical plexus

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14
Q

The upper root of the ansa cervicalis appears to originate from ______, but contains no ____ fibers. It consists of C1 fibers that join CN XII and travel with it for a distance. It is separate from CN XII and form upper root of ansa cervicalis. It joins lower root to form ansa.

A

hypoglossal nerve

hypoglossal

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15
Q

Ansa cervicalis gives branches that supply _____, ______, and ______of omohyoid.

A

Ansa cervicalis gives branches that supply sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and both bellies of omohyoid.

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16
Q

Some C1 fibers of the ansa cervicalis continue with CN XII (after it has given off upper root) and supply _____ and ______ muscles.

A

thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles.

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17
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles are:

A
  • Digastric
  • Stylohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
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18
Q

Consists of posterior and anterior bellies connected by an intermediate tendon.

A

Digastric

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19
Q

Digastric:
– _________ attaches to digastric (mastoid) notch (medial to mastoid process), runs anteriorly and inferiorly, then becomes continuous with intermediate tendon
– _________ pierces stylohyoid and runs in fibrous sling connected to body and greater horn of hyoid, then becomes continuous with anterior belly
– ________ runs anteriorly and superiorly, then attaches to digastric fossa of mandible.

A

Posterior belly

Intermediate tendon

Anterior belly

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20
Q

Digastric
Nerve supply
– Posterior belly: _________
– Anterior belly: nerve to _______ (branch of inferior alveolar nerve, from V3)

A

facial nerve

mylohyoid

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21
Q

Digastric Actions: depresses mandible and elevates _____ bone

A

hyoid bone

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22
Q

What is the origin of the stylohyoid?

A

styloid process

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23
Q

Stylohyoid

Insertion: passes anteriorly and inferiorly, along superior border of posterior belly of digastric, then inserts into hyoid bone at junction of body and _______. It is pierced near its insertion by intermediate tendon of digastric.

A

greater horn

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24
Q

Stylohyoid

• Nerve supply: ________

A

facial nerve

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25
Q

Stylohyoid

• Action: elevates hyoid bone and draws it ________

A

backward

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26
Q

The _________ lies superior to anterior belly of digastric. There are two __________ muscles that form the muscular floor of the oral cavity.

A

mylohyoid

27
Q

Mylohyoid Origin: ______ of mandible

A

mylohyoid line

28
Q

Mylohyoid Insertion: most posterior fibers attach to body of hyoid bone; rest of fibers terminate in _______ extending from mandible to hyoid.

A

midline raphe

29
Q

Mylohyoid Nerve supply: nerve to ______

A

mylohyoid

30
Q

Mylohyoid Actions: ______ floor of mouth during swallowing, elevates hyoid bone, depresses mandible

A

elevates

31
Q

The ______ is a narrow muscle that lies above mylohyoid, in contact with corresponding muscle of opposite side.

A

Geniohyoid

32
Q

Geniohyoid Origin: ________

A

mental spine

33
Q

Geniohyoid Insertion: ____ surface of body of hyoid

A

anterior

34
Q

Geniohyoid Nerve supply: C1 fibers via ______ nerve

A

hypoglossal

35
Q

Geniohyoid Actions: elevates hyoid bone and draws it _______, depresses mandible

A

forward

36
Q

What are the anterior vertebral muscles?

A
  1. Longus capitis
  2. Longus colli
  3. Rectus capitis anterior
  4. Rectus capitis lateralis
37
Q

Longus Capitis Origin: transverse processes of ________ vertebrae.

A

C3 to C6

38
Q

Longus Capitis Insertion: inferior surface of ________ of occipital bone.

A

basilar part

39
Q

Longus Capitis Nerve supply: branches from ventral rami of ________ spinal nerves.

A

C1 to C3

40
Q

Longus Capitis Action: ______ of head and neck.

A

flexion

41
Q

Longus Colli consists of 3 parts: _____, ______, and _________.

A

inferior oblique, superior oblique, and vertical

42
Q

Longus Colli Inferior oblique part: extends from bodies of first 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes of ___________ vertebrae.

A

C5 and C6

43
Q

Longus Colli Superior oblique part: extends from transverse processes of C3 to C5 vertebrae to anterior _____.

A

tubercle of atlas

44
Q

Longus Colli Vertical part: extends from bodies of __________ and lower 3 cervical vertebrae to bodies of C2 to C4 vertebrae.

A

upper 3 thoracic

45
Q

Longus Colli Nerve supply: branches from ventral rami of ______ spinal nerves.

A

C2 to C6

46
Q

Longus Colli Action: flexion of _____

A

neck

47
Q

The _____________ a is located posterior to the upper part of the longus capitis.

A

Rectus Capitis Anterior

48
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Origin: anterior surface of lateral mass of ____ and root of its transverse process

A

atlas

49
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Insertion: inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone, immediately anterior to occipital _____.

A

condyle

50
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Nerve supply: branches from loop between ventral rami of ________ spinal nerves

A

C1 and C2

51
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Action: flexion of ____

A

head

52
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Origin: upper surface of transverse process of ___.

A

atlas

53
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Insertion: inferior surface of _____ process of occipital bone.

A

jugular

54
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Nerve supply: branches from loop between ventral rami of _____ spinal nerves.

A

C1 and C2

55
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Action: lateral flexion of head to same side of _________

A

contracting muscle

56
Q

The subdivisions of the anterior triangle are the:

A
  1. Submandibular (digastric) triangle
  2. Carotid triangle
  3. Muscular triangle
  4. Submental triangle
57
Q

What are boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

Boundaries
– Anteriorly: anterior belly of digastric
– Posteriorly: posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid – Superiorly: inferior border of body of mandible
– Floor: mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

58
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A

– Submandibular gland (superficial part)
– Facial vessels (a. and v.)
– Submandibular lymph nodes
– Hypoglossal nerve
– Mylohyoid nerve and vessels (a. and v.)

59
Q

What are boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Boundaries
– Anteriorly and superiorly: posterior belly of digastric – Anteriorly and inferiorly: superior belly of omohyoid – Posteriorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

60
Q

What are contents of the carotid triangle?

A

– Arteries: common carotid, initial segments of external and internal carotid, some branches of external carotid
– Veins: internal jugular and some of its tributaries
– Nerves: vagus, accessory, hypoglossal, ansa cervicalis, internal and external laryngeal
– Deep cervical lymph nodes

61
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

• Boundaries
– Anteriorly: anterior midline of neck
– Posteriorly and superiorly: superior belly of omohyoid
– Posteriorly and inferiorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

62
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

– Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

– Viscera of neck (e.g.: thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea)

63
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Boundaries
–Laterally: anterior bellies of digastric muscles –Inferiorly: body of hyoid
–Floor: mylohyoid muscles

64
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

–Submental lymph nodes

–Small veins that join to form anterior jugular veins

Block 3 Anantomy (Head and Neck) (6 decks)

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