Anterior Triangle of the Neck

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 1

–Anteriorly: midline of neck

–Posteriorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid –Superiorly: inferior border of body of mandible

Question 2

What are the muscle groupos of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 2

Muscle groups
–Infrahyoid muscles
–Suprahyoid muscles
–Anterior vertebral muscles

Question 3

Thin, strap-like muscles

Answer 3

Infrahyoid Muscles

Question 4

Infrahyoid Muscles consist of:

Answer 4

–Sternohyoid
–Sternothyroid
–Thyrohyoid
–Omohyoid

Question 5

Sternohyoid

• Located superficially, medial to ______ of omohyoid

Answer 5

superior belly

Question 6

Sternohyoid

• Origin: posterior surfaces of _______ and sternal end of ___________

Answer 6

manubrium of sternum and end of clavicle

Question 7

Sternohyoid

• Insertion: ________

Answer 7

body of hyoid

Question 8

Sternohyoid

• Nerve supply: ________ (C1-C3)

Answer 8

ansa cervicalis

Question 9

Sternohyoid

• Action: depresses ______ bone

Answer 9

depresses hyoid bone

Question 10

• Located deep to sternohyoid
• Origin: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
• Insertion: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
• Nerve supply: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
• Action: depresses larynx

Answer 10

Sternothyroid

Question 11

• Upward continuation of sternothyroid
• Origin: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
• Insertion: runs superiorly over thyrohyoid membrane, inserts into greater horn and body of hyoid
• Nerve supply: C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve
• Action: depresses hyoid bone or elevates larynx

Answer 11

Thyrohyoid

Question 12

Nerve loop that contains fibers from ventral rami of C1 to C3 spinal nerves.

Answer 12

Ansa Cervicalis

Question 13

The lower root of the ansa cervicalis is a direct branch of _______. It contains fibers from ventral rami of C2 and C3 and it passes superficial (or deep) to internal jugular vein. It joins upper root to form ansa.

Answer 13

cervical plexus

Question 14

The upper root of the ansa cervicalis appears to originate from ______, but contains no ____ fibers. It consists of C1 fibers that join CN XII and travel with it for a distance. It is separate from CN XII and form upper root of ansa cervicalis. It joins lower root to form ansa.

Answer 14

hypoglossal nerve

hypoglossal

Question 15

Ansa cervicalis gives branches that supply _____, ______, and ______of omohyoid.

Answer 15

Ansa cervicalis gives branches that supply sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and both bellies of omohyoid.

Question 16

Some C1 fibers of the ansa cervicalis continue with CN XII (after it has given off upper root) and supply _____ and ______ muscles.

Answer 16

thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles.

Question 17

Suprahyoid Muscles are:

Answer 17

• Digastric
• Stylohyoid
• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid

Question 18

Consists of posterior and anterior bellies connected by an intermediate tendon.

Answer 18

Digastric

Question 19

Digastric:
– _________ attaches to digastric (mastoid) notch (medial to mastoid process), runs anteriorly and inferiorly, then becomes continuous with intermediate tendon
– _________ pierces stylohyoid and runs in fibrous sling connected to body and greater horn of hyoid, then becomes continuous with anterior belly
– ________ runs anteriorly and superiorly, then attaches to digastric fossa of mandible.

Answer 19

Posterior belly

Intermediate tendon

Anterior belly

Question 20

Digastric
Nerve supply
– Posterior belly: _________
– Anterior belly: nerve to _______ (branch of inferior alveolar nerve, from V3)

Answer 20

facial nerve

mylohyoid

Question 21

Digastric Actions: depresses mandible and elevates _____ bone

Answer 21

hyoid bone

Question 22

What is the origin of the stylohyoid?

Answer 22

styloid process

Question 23

Stylohyoid

Insertion: passes anteriorly and inferiorly, along superior border of posterior belly of digastric, then inserts into hyoid bone at junction of body and _______. It is pierced near its insertion by intermediate tendon of digastric.

Answer 23

greater horn

Question 24

Stylohyoid

• Nerve supply: ________

Answer 24

facial nerve

Question 25

Stylohyoid | • Action: elevates hyoid bone and draws it ________

Answer 25

backward

Question 26

The _________ lies superior to anterior belly of digastric. There are two __________ muscles that form the muscular floor of the oral cavity.

Answer 26

mylohyoid

Question 27

Mylohyoid Origin: ______ of mandible

Answer 27

mylohyoid line

Question 28

Mylohyoid Insertion: most posterior fibers attach to body of hyoid bone; rest of fibers terminate in _______ extending from mandible to hyoid.

Answer 28

midline raphe

Question 29

Mylohyoid Nerve supply: nerve to ______

Answer 29

mylohyoid

Question 30

Mylohyoid Actions: ______ floor of mouth during swallowing, elevates hyoid bone, depresses mandible

Answer 30

elevates

Question 31

The ______ is a narrow muscle that lies above mylohyoid, in contact with corresponding muscle of opposite side.

Answer 31

Geniohyoid

Question 32

Geniohyoid Origin: ________

Answer 32

mental spine

Question 33

Geniohyoid Insertion: ____ surface of body of hyoid

Answer 33

anterior

Question 34

Geniohyoid Nerve supply: C1 fibers via ______ nerve

Answer 34

hypoglossal

Question 35

Geniohyoid Actions: elevates hyoid bone and draws it _______, depresses mandible

Answer 35

forward

Question 36

What are the anterior vertebral muscles?

Answer 36

1. Longus capitis 2. Longus colli 3. Rectus capitis anterior 4. Rectus capitis lateralis

Question 37

Longus Capitis Origin: transverse processes of ________ vertebrae.

Answer 37

C3 to C6

Question 38

Longus Capitis Insertion: inferior surface of ________ of occipital bone.

Answer 38

basilar part

Question 39

Longus Capitis Nerve supply: branches from ventral rami of ________ spinal nerves.

Answer 39

C1 to C3

Question 40

Longus Capitis Action: ______ of head and neck.

Answer 40

flexion

Question 41

Longus Colli consists of 3 parts: _____, ______, and _________.

Answer 41

inferior oblique, superior oblique, and vertical

Question 42

Longus Colli Inferior oblique part: extends from bodies of first 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes of ___________ vertebrae.

Answer 42

C5 and C6

Question 43

Longus Colli Superior oblique part: extends from transverse processes of C3 to C5 vertebrae to anterior _____.

Answer 43

tubercle of atlas

Question 44

Longus Colli Vertical part: extends from bodies of __________ and lower 3 cervical vertebrae to bodies of C2 to C4 vertebrae.

Answer 44

upper 3 thoracic

Question 45

Longus Colli Nerve supply: branches from ventral rami of ______ spinal nerves.

Answer 45

C2 to C6

Question 46

Longus Colli Action: flexion of _____

Answer 46

neck

Question 47

The _____________ a is located posterior to the upper part of the longus capitis.

Answer 47

Rectus Capitis Anterior

Question 48

Rectus Capitis Anterior Origin: anterior surface of lateral mass of ____ and root of its transverse process

Answer 48

atlas

Question 49

Rectus Capitis Anterior Insertion: inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone, immediately anterior to occipital _____.

Answer 49

condyle

Question 50

Rectus Capitis Anterior Nerve supply: branches from loop between ventral rami of ________ spinal nerves

Answer 50

C1 and C2

Question 51

Rectus Capitis Anterior Action: flexion of ____

Answer 51

head

Question 52

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Origin: upper surface of transverse process of ___.

Answer 52

atlas

Question 53

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Insertion: inferior surface of _____ process of occipital bone.

Answer 53

jugular

Question 54

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Nerve supply: branches from loop between ventral rami of _____ spinal nerves.

Answer 54

C1 and C2

Question 55

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Action: lateral flexion of head to same side of _________

Answer 55

contracting muscle

Question 56

The subdivisions of the anterior triangle are the:

Answer 56

1. Submandibular (digastric) triangle 2. Carotid triangle 3. Muscular triangle 4. Submental triangle

Question 57

What are boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 57

Boundaries – Anteriorly: anterior belly of digastric – Posteriorly: posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid – Superiorly: inferior border of body of mandible – Floor: mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

Question 58

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 58

– Submandibular gland (superficial part) – Facial vessels (a. and v.) – Submandibular lymph nodes – Hypoglossal nerve – Mylohyoid nerve and vessels (a. and v.)

Question 59

What are boundaries of the carotid triangle?

Answer 59

Boundaries – Anteriorly and superiorly: posterior belly of digastric – Anteriorly and inferiorly: superior belly of omohyoid – Posteriorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Question 60

What are contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 60

– Arteries: common carotid, initial segments of external and internal carotid, some branches of external carotid – Veins: internal jugular and some of its tributaries – Nerves: vagus, accessory, hypoglossal, ansa cervicalis, internal and external laryngeal – Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 61

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Answer 61

• Boundaries – Anteriorly: anterior midline of neck – Posteriorly and superiorly: superior belly of omohyoid – Posteriorly and inferiorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Question 62

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

Answer 62

– Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles | – Viscera of neck (e.g.: thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea)

Question 63

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Answer 63

Boundaries –Laterally: anterior bellies of digastric muscles –Inferiorly: body of hyoid –Floor: mylohyoid muscles

Question 64

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

Answer 64

–Submental lymph nodes | –Small veins that join to form anterior jugular veins