Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards
what does the thoracic duct collect and from what regions?
lymph from the RLQ, LLQ, LUQ
does not get the RUQ
what drains the RUQ
right thoracic duct
where is the thoracic duct located anatomically?
it lies under the azygos and aorta in the posterior mediastinum
where do the splanchnic nerves originate from and where do they go?
the sympathetic chain and go to innervate organs
what are the three types of splanchnic nerves?
greater lesser and least
are greater or lesser splanchnic nerves higher in the thorax?
greater splanchnic nerves originate higher in the thorax and innervate more than the lesser and least
where does greater splanchnic nerve arise in vertebrae sense?
T5-T9
where does lesser splanchnic nerve arise in vertebrae sense?
T10-T11
where does least splanchnic nerve arise in vertebrae sense?
T12
where is the pulmonary plexus located?
at the bifurcation of the trachea
does the pulmonary plexus include para or sympathetic nerves?
BOTH
what do sympathetic pulmonary nerves do to bronchioles?
bronchodilation
what do parasympathetic pulmonary nerves do to bronchioles?
bronchoconstriction
where do the parasympathetic nerves in the pulmonary plexus arise from?
the vagus nerve
do the sympathetic nerves traveling through the pulmonary plexus synapse there?
no they have already synapsed in the sympathetic chain
between what two structures does the phrenic nerve travel between?
between the parietal pleura and the pericardium…these are fused together
is the phrenic nerve providing somatic motor of visceral motor information?
somatic motor innervation
diaphragm is a voluntary skeletal muscle
does the phrenic nerve have somatic motor neurons or sensory neurons?
it has both
where does the phrenic nerve get sensory info from?
central diaphragm
pleura
pericardium
what are the principal muscles of inspiration
diaphragm and the external intercostals
what are the accessory muscles of inspiration
sternocleidomastoid and scalenes
in expiration a passive or active process? what about inspiration?
passive for expiration
active for inspiration
if you are out of breath and have to use muscles for expiration…what muscles contribute?
internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
where does the diaphragm refer pain??
In the NECK…because the phrenic nerve originates in C3-C5 so pain seems like it is from these dermatomes
name the two pleura of the lungs
visceral and parietal
what pleura is laying directly on top of the lungs
the visceral pleura
what are the four parts of the parietal pleura?
costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal
cervical
define the pleural recesses
spaces within parietal pleura that the lung does not fill so two sides of parietal pleura sorta meet…these are at the base of the lung usually
what are the symptoms of a tension pneumothorax
diminshed breath sounds
distended neck veins
tracheal deviation to opposite side of the pnuemothorax
what is the root of the lungs?
short tubular collection of structures that connect the lung to the mediastinum
what is included in the root of the lungs?
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
main bronchus
bronchial vessels nerves and lymphatics
how many lobes in R and L lung
3 in R
2 in L
what is the fissure of the left lung?
oblique fissure
what are the two fissures of the right lung?
oblique and horizontal fissure
what is the order superior to inferior of vessels traveling through the root of the lung?
vein artery bronchus
describe how arteries and veins supply bronchiole segments and what the main difference between the two is
each bronchiole segment has its own artery, but the veins collect from multiple bronchiole segments
what do the bronchial arteries do?
the nutritive vascular system to give nutrients to the pulmonary tissues and parenchyma around the lungs
what do the bronchial veins do?
drain the parenchyma into the azygos system
where does the lymph of the lungs drain into? and where are these nodes located?
trachebronchial lymph nodes located along the trachea and main bronchi
what lies on the anterior bodies of the vertebra in the posterior mediastinum?
esophagus
what does the hemiazygous vein drain?
the lower four left intercostals veins
what does the accessory hemiazygous vein drain?
the upper left intercostals veins …except for the lower four
where do the hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous feed into?
the azygos vein on the right side
what does the azygos vein drain?
all the right intercostals veins
