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Cardio Anatomy > Cervical Anatomy and Great Vessels > Flashcards

Cervical Anatomy and Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what is the superficial cervical fascia made of?

A

subcutaneous fatty layer

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2
Q

what are the three layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A

investing layer
prevertebral layer
pretracheal layer

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3
Q

what does the investing layer do? where does it lie?

A

outermost layer of deep cervical fascia that forms tubular sheath around deeper structures

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4
Q

where is the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?

A

surrouds the vertebral column and associated muscles

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5
Q

what does the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia surround?

A

surrounds the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus

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6
Q

what three things are in the carotid sheath?

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

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7
Q

what do the internal jugular veins and subclavian veins unite to form?

A

the right and left brachiocephalic veins

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8
Q

the brachiocephalic veins join to form what?

A

superior vena cava

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9
Q

define the venous angle

A

where the internl jugular vein and the subclavian veins come together

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10
Q

what joins at the venous angles?

A

this is where the major lymphatic vessels join the systemic circulation

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11
Q

what two vessels does the brachiocephalic trunk give rise to?

A

right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

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12
Q

what happens to the common carotid artery?

A

it bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries

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13
Q

what does internal carotid artery supply?

A

the brain

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14
Q

what is special about the external carotid artery?

A

tons of branching…

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15
Q

what is the first branch off of the external carotid artery?

A

the superior thyroid artery

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16
Q

what two important structures lay in the bifuraction of the common carotid artery?

A

carotid sinus and carotid body

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17
Q

what does the carotid body sense?

A

blood oxygen levels

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18
Q

what does the carotid sinus sense?

A

a baroreceptor for BP

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19
Q

what nerve innervates the carotid body and sinus?

A

cranial nerve IX or the glosspharyngeal

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20
Q

what do the two vertebral arteries unite to form? and what does this supply?

A

the basilar artery…supplies a good bit of the brain

21
Q

what muscle divides the subclavian arteries?

A

anterior scalene

22
Q

the anterior scalene divides the subclavian into three parts…name them

A

medial to muscle
posterior to muscle
lateral to muscle

23
Q

the medial subclavian divides into three vessels name them…

A

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

24
Q

the part of the subclavian that is posterior to the anterior scalene leads to what other vasculature?

A

the costocervical trunk

25
Q

the thyrocervical that arises from the medial part of the subclavian…branches into many vessels…what is the important one to know?

A

the inferior thyroid artery branches off of the thyrocervical

26
Q

name the lobes of the thyroid gland and how are they connected?

A

left right and pyrimidal (in some)..connected with an isthmus

27
Q

what is the thyroid ima artery and where does it come from?

A

from the brachiocephalic trunk…some people have this extra artery that feeds the thyroid

28
Q

name the three arteries feeding the thyroid

A

superior…from 1st branch of external carotid
inferior…from branch of thyrocervical from subclavian
thyroid ima

29
Q

name the three veins of the thyroid and their associated drainage

A

superior. .IJV
middle. ..IJV
inferior. ..brachiocephalic veins

30
Q

what other gland is part of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands

31
Q

what arteries serve the parathyroid gland?

A

the superior and inferior thyroids…but mainly the inferior

32
Q

name the two muscles innervated by the spinal accessory nerve of cranial nerve XI

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

33
Q

name the three scalene muscles

A

anterior
middle
posterior

34
Q

what two important things lie between the anterior and middle scalenes

A

subclavian artery and the brachial plexus

35
Q

what vessel runs anterior to the anterior scalene?

A

subclavian vein

36
Q

what nerve lies on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene?

A

phrenic nerve

37
Q

name the two groups of hyoid muscles

A

suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

38
Q

name the four infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid

39
Q

what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus

40
Q

define the ansa cervicalis

A

this is the anterior facing motor loop of nerves that are a part of the cervical plexus

41
Q

the cervical plexus consists of these two things..

A

the ansa cervicalis anteriorly and the sensory branches posteriorly

42
Q

what spinal nerves does the cervical plexus arise from?

A

C1-C4

43
Q

where do the sensory branches of the cervical plexus exit the neck to get to the skin and be able to sense?

A

the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid

44
Q

how does the sternocleidomastoid divide the neck?

A

into an anterior and posterior triangle on both sides

45
Q

what four triangles are within the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

submandibular triangle
submental triangle
muscular triangle
carotid triangle

46
Q

what two triangles are within the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

occipital triangle

suprclavicular triangle

47
Q

what is within the carotid triangle? (3)

A

carotid sheath including the IJV, vagus nerve and common carotid

ansa cervicalis

hypoglossal nerve

48
Q

what is within the posterior cervical triangle? (5)

A 
spinal accessory nerve
roots of brachial plexus
anterior and middle scalenes
phrenic nerve
external jugular vein

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