Cervical Anatomy and Great Vessels Flashcards
what is the superficial cervical fascia made of?
subcutaneous fatty layer
what are the three layers of the deep cervical fascia?
investing layer
prevertebral layer
pretracheal layer
what does the investing layer do? where does it lie?
outermost layer of deep cervical fascia that forms tubular sheath around deeper structures
where is the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?
surrouds the vertebral column and associated muscles
what does the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia surround?
surrounds the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus
what three things are in the carotid sheath?
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
what do the internal jugular veins and subclavian veins unite to form?
the right and left brachiocephalic veins
the brachiocephalic veins join to form what?
superior vena cava
define the venous angle
where the internl jugular vein and the subclavian veins come together
what joins at the venous angles?
this is where the major lymphatic vessels join the systemic circulation
what two vessels does the brachiocephalic trunk give rise to?
right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
what happens to the common carotid artery?
it bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries
what does internal carotid artery supply?
the brain
what is special about the external carotid artery?
tons of branching…
what is the first branch off of the external carotid artery?
the superior thyroid artery
what two important structures lay in the bifuraction of the common carotid artery?
carotid sinus and carotid body
what does the carotid body sense?
blood oxygen levels
what does the carotid sinus sense?
a baroreceptor for BP
what nerve innervates the carotid body and sinus?
cranial nerve IX or the glosspharyngeal
what do the two vertebral arteries unite to form? and what does this supply?
the basilar artery…supplies a good bit of the brain
what muscle divides the subclavian arteries?
anterior scalene
the anterior scalene divides the subclavian into three parts…name them
medial to muscle
posterior to muscle
lateral to muscle
the medial subclavian divides into three vessels name them…
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
the part of the subclavian that is posterior to the anterior scalene leads to what other vasculature?
the costocervical trunk
the thyrocervical that arises from the medial part of the subclavian…branches into many vessels…what is the important one to know?
the inferior thyroid artery branches off of the thyrocervical
name the lobes of the thyroid gland and how are they connected?
left right and pyrimidal (in some)..connected with an isthmus
what is the thyroid ima artery and where does it come from?
from the brachiocephalic trunk…some people have this extra artery that feeds the thyroid
name the three arteries feeding the thyroid
superior…from 1st branch of external carotid
inferior…from branch of thyrocervical from subclavian
thyroid ima
name the three veins of the thyroid and their associated drainage
superior. .IJV
middle. ..IJV
inferior. ..brachiocephalic veins
what other gland is part of the thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
what arteries serve the parathyroid gland?
the superior and inferior thyroids…but mainly the inferior
name the two muscles innervated by the spinal accessory nerve of cranial nerve XI
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
name the three scalene muscles
anterior
middle
posterior
what two important things lie between the anterior and middle scalenes
subclavian artery and the brachial plexus
what vessel runs anterior to the anterior scalene?
subclavian vein
what nerve lies on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene?
phrenic nerve
name the two groups of hyoid muscles
suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
name the four infrahyoid muscles
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus
define the ansa cervicalis
this is the anterior facing motor loop of nerves that are a part of the cervical plexus
the cervical plexus consists of these two things..
the ansa cervicalis anteriorly and the sensory branches posteriorly
what spinal nerves does the cervical plexus arise from?
C1-C4
where do the sensory branches of the cervical plexus exit the neck to get to the skin and be able to sense?
the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid
how does the sternocleidomastoid divide the neck?
into an anterior and posterior triangle on both sides
what four triangles are within the anterior triangle of the neck?
submandibular triangle
submental triangle
muscular triangle
carotid triangle
what two triangles are within the posterior triangle of the neck?
occipital triangle
suprclavicular triangle
what is within the carotid triangle? (3)
carotid sheath including the IJV, vagus nerve and common carotid
ansa cervicalis
hypoglossal nerve
what is within the posterior cervical triangle? (5)
spinal accessory nerve roots of brachial plexus anterior and middle scalenes phrenic nerve external jugular vein
