Heart Flashcards
what does the fibrous pericardium attach to?
sternum and the central tendon of the diaphragm
what is the outermost layer of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium
on the flip side of the fibrous pericardium lies the what?
parietal layer
what layer of tissue adheres directly to the heart itself?
visceral layer or epicardium
what is the space called that is between the parietal and visceral layers?
the pericardial cavity
what are the two sulci of the heart?
interventricular and coronary
what makes up the anterior surface of the heart?
right ventricle
what makes up the left border of the heart?
left atrium and ventricle
what makes up the right border of the heart?
right atrium
what makes up the posterior surface of the heart?
left atrium
3 main branches of the right coronary artery
- branch to SA node
- marginal branch (down right ventricle)
- posterior descending/interventricular artery (PDA)
3 main branches of the left coronary artery
- left anterior descending artery (LAD) intervent
- circumflex branch
- marginal branch
what do the right coronary arteries do that the left dont?
the right help out the left by providing some blood to left side while the left do not help out the right
what is the rule of dominance in coronary arteries?
85% of people have the PDA arising from the right coronary
8% of people have the PDA arising from the left circumflex
7% of people have a combo of the two
what are the three main cardiac veins? which of these feeds into the ____ structure of the heart?
small cardiac vein, great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein…all feed into the coronary sinus that leaks into the right atrium
what are the muscles of the atria?
pectinate muscles…mainly in outer wall
what is the name of the top of the right ventricle
supraventricular crest
two bands that run from the supraventricular crest to the trabeculae carnae
septal limb and the moderator band
together the septal limb and the moderator band are called the what?
septomarginal trabecula
name the right AV valve
tricuspid valve
what are the muscles that help close the right AV valve
papillary muscles
what are the papillary muscles attached to at the base and at the insertion point?
at the base they are attached to the trabecula carnae and at insertion to the chordae tendineae
name the three papillary muscles of the tricuspid valve
anterior, posterior and septal
how many cusps does the pulmonary semilunar valve have?
three
the left atrium lies between what vessels?
the left and right pulmonary veins
what is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle and how many cusps does it have?
mitral bicuspid…2 cusps
how many cusps does the aorta semilunar valve have?
three
define the cardiac skeleton
the four valves of the heart actually all sit in the same transverse plane of the body…and have a skeleton that sorta holds them in place
name four roles of the cardiac skeleton
maintain integrity of valves
provide attachments for cusps
separates atrium and ventricle muscle
electrical isolation between atrium and ventricle
what do the visceral sensory nerves parallelling the sympathetic visceral motor fibers convey back to the SC?
pain of the heart
what do the visceral sensory fibers parallelling the parasympathetic visceral motor fibers relay to the cranium?
reflexes of the heart
why do we have referred pain in the heart?
the somatic sensory fibers of the dermatomes around the heart also go back to the SC in the same location that the visceral sensory nerves from the heart go to…so we can get confused which is really hurting
cardiac plexus definition and location
located at the bifurcation of the trachea lies the cardiac plexus that is the collection of the nerves that are innervating the heart from the ANS
what nerves are in the cardiac plexus?
right and left vagus nerve branches (para)
cervical and thoracic sympathetic nerves
