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Human Structure - Block 2 - Week #5 - Flashcards - JTC > Posterior Leg & Sole of Foot | B2, WK5 > Flashcards

Posterior Leg & Sole of Foot | B2, WK5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial Nerve

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2
Q

What is the function of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantarflexion of the foot

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3
Q

What is the function of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantarflexion & inversion
Flexion of toes

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4
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior leg [4]

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Triceps surae
  4. Plantaris
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5
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior leg? [4]

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Tibialis Posterior
  3. Flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
  4. Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
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6
Q

Where does the gastrocnemius arise (org.)

A

Medial & Lateral heads arise superior to femoral condyles

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7
Q

Where does the soleus arise (org.)

A

Arises from head & posterior surface of fibula, soleal line of tibia

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8
Q

Describe the triceps surae

A

2 heads of gastrocs + soleus that inserts on calcaneal tendon

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9
Q

What is the origin & insertion of the plantaris?

A

O: Lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: Inserts on calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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10
Q

Where does the long tendon of the plantaris travel?

A

Between gastrocnemius & soleus

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11
Q

What is the origin & insertion of the popliteus?

A

O: lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior tibia above soleal line

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12
Q

What is the action of the popliteus?

A

Unlocks the knee (rotating femur slightly laterally on tibial plateau)

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tibialis posterior?

A

O: posterior surfaces of tibia, fibula, & interosseous membrane
I: bones in plantar foot (several)
A: plantarflexes & inverts the foot

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14
Q

What are the origin, insertion, and action of the FDL?

A

O: Posterior tibia
I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
A: Flexers lateral 4 digits; assists in plantarflexion

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15
Q

What are the origin, insertion, and action of the FHL?

A

O: Arises from the posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of 1st digit
A: Flexes 1st digit; assists in plantarflexion

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16
Q

Neurovasculature of the posterior leg

A

-Innervation: Tibial nerve
-Posterior tibial A&V, Fibular A&V

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17
Q

What is the tibial N. a division of?

A

Sciatic N.

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18
Q

Where does the tibial N. pass through?

A

through popliteal fossa w/ popliteal vessels

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19
Q

Where does the tibial N. enter the posterior leg?

A

Between 2 heads of gastrocnemius

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20
Q

At the ankle, what does the tibial N. divide into?

A

Medial & lateral plantar nerves

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21
Q

What are the two nerves that provide sensory innervation to the posterior leg?

A
  1. Sural Nerve
  2. Saphenous Nerve
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22
Q

What sensory innervation nerve supplies the posterolateral aspect of leg & lateral ankle/foot?

A

Sural N

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23
Q

What sensory innervation nerve supplies the medial aspect of leg, ankle, & foot?

A

Saphenous N

24
Q

The saphenous n. provides _______________ innervation of the posterior leg. It is a terminal branch of the _______________ n.

A

-Sensory
-Femoral N.

25
Q

List the blood supply of the posterior leg.

A
  1. Anterior Tibial A.
  2. Posterior Tibial A.
  3. Fibular A.
26
Q

The __________ artery passes through an opening in the interosseous membrane.

A

Anterior Tibial A.

27
Q

Describe DVT

A

DVT: Deep Vein Thrombosis
-Formation of a blood clot within a deep vein

28
Q

Signs/Symptoms of DVT

A

-Pain, swelling, redness, engorged superficial veins

29
Q

What can embolization in DVT lead to?

A

Pulmonary embolism

30
Q

Term for the transition area between the posterior leg and the sole of the foot?

A

Tarsal tunnel

31
Q

What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel?

A

-Tendons of Tibialis posterior, FDL, & FHL
-Posterior tibial artery & vein
-Tibial Nerve

Remembr: Tom, Dick, ANd Harry

32
Q

What is the fascia of the plantar foot?

A

Plantar Fascia = Plantar aponeurosis + medial & Lateral plantar fascia

33
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

Overuse of fascia

Other important info:
Caused by unsupportive footwear
point tenderness on the calcaneus
Pain on passive extension of hallux

34
Q

What innervates most muscles in the foot?

A

Lateral Plantar N.

35
Q

what four muscles receive innervation from the medial plantar N?

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  2. ABDuctor hallucis
  3. 1st lumbrical
  4. Flexor Hallucis brevis
36
Q

what muscles are found in the 1st layer of the foot?

A
  1. ABductor digiti minimi
  2. Flexor digitorum brevis
  3. ABDuctor hallucis
37
Q

What muscles are found in the 2nd layer of the foot?

A

Quadratus Plantae
Lumbricals (4)

38
Q

What tendons are found in the 2nd layer of the foot?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

39
Q

What muscles are found in the 3rd layer of the foot?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis (obl. head and transverse head)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis

40
Q

What muscles are found in the 4th layer of the foot?

A

Plantar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4)

41
Q

What tendons are found in the 4th layer of the foot?

A

Tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus

42
Q

Medial plantar N. sensory innervation of plantar foot

A

Medial foot and 3 1/2 digits

43
Q

Lateral plantar N. sensory innervation of plantar foot

A

Lateral foot and 1 1/2 digits

44
Q

Medial calcaneal br. of tibial nerve sensory innervation of plantar foot

A

Heel

45
Q

Saphenous N. sensory innervation of plantar foot

A

Medial foot/ankle

46
Q

Sural N. sensory innervation of plantar foot

A

Lateral foot/ankle

47
Q

T/F: Tibial Nerve Injuries are fairly common. They occur when superficial lacerations occur on the leg.

A

FALSE; occur when deep lacerations occur

48
Q

A patient has suffered a deep laceration to the leg. The tibial nerve was damaged. What would happen to the lower limb?

A

-paralysis of all muscles in the posterior leg and sole of the foot
-inability to plantar flex foot
-inability to flex toes
-sensory loss on plantar foot
-sensory loss on posterolateral leg & lateral foot (sural n)

49
Q

Osteology of the leg: Label the following (A-K, Note - no H on diagram :))

A

A: Head of Fibula
B: Medial Condyle
C: Tibial tuberosity
D: Intercondylar eminence
E: Soleal Line
F: Ant. Border of Tibia
G: NOT ON DIAGRAM
H: Interosseous Membrane
I: Lateral Malleolus
J: Medial Malleolus
K: Fibular Notch of tibia

50
Q

Osteology of the foot: Label the following (A-F)

A

A: Metatrsals (1-5)
B: Navicular
C: Trochlea of Talus
D: Cuneiforms (D.1 - medial, D.2 - intermediate, D.3 - Lateral)
E: Cuboid
F: Calcaneus

51
Q

Osteology of the foot #2: Label the following

A

A: Navicular
B: Talus
C: Head
D: Trochlea
E: Calcaneal Tuberosity
F: Sustentaculumtali
G: Medial Cuneiform
H: Cuboid
I: Body of talus
J: Calcaneus
K: Tuberosity of 5th Metatarsal

52
Q

Label the DEEP posterior leg muscles

A

A: Tibialis Post.
B: FDL
C: FHL

53
Q

Label the SUPERFICIAL posterior leg muscles

A

A - Gastrocnemius, A.1: Lateral Head, A.2: Medial Head

B- Plantaris
C- Soleus
D- Calcaneal Tendon

54
Q

Label the foot muscles. Which layer is this?

A

1st Layer
A- Flexor Digitorum Brevis
B- Abductor Digiti Minimi
C- Abductor Hallucis

55
Q

Label the foot muscles. Which layer is this?

A

2nd layer

A: FHL Tendon
B: Lumbricals
C: FDL Tendon
D: Quadratus Plantae

56
Q

Label the foot muscles. Which layer is this?

A

3rd Layer

A: FHB
B: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
C: Adductor Hallycus (C.1 – transverse Head, C.2 – Oblique Head)

Human Structure - Block 2 - Week #5 - Flashcards - JTC (7 decks)

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