Anterior & Medial Compartments of the Thigh | B2, WK5 Flashcards
What separates the lower limb into compartments?
Deep fascia
What comprises the fascia lata?
- iliotibial tract
- saphenous opening
What is the purpose of crural fascia?
Preventing tendons from boflexing
What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?
- Great Saphenous vein
- Small saphenous vein
What causes varicose veins?
Incompetent valves in superficial veins – this allows blood to accumulate yielding enlarged veins
What is a saphenous varix?
Dilation of great saphenous vein at the saphenous opening. This causes swelling in the femoral triangle.
What vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch?
Great Saphenous vein
What are the tributaries near the termination of the great saphenous vein?
- superficial epigastric v
- superficial circumflex iliac v
- external pudendal v.
What vein arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch?
Small saphenous vein
What lymphatic structures are within the femoral triangle (medial to femoral v., in the femoral canal)
Deep inguinal nodes
T/F: Deep lymph drainage of the lower limb follows tributaries of the small and great saphenous veins
F: Not deep. It is the superficial lymph drainage.
Describe the deep gluteal region lymphatics
Lymph from the deep gluteal region will follow the gluteal veins into the pelvis. This then drains into the internal iliac lymph nodes.
Describe the dermatomes of the lower limb. Why does it work like that?
Spiral from lateral to medial across the lower limb (b/c the lower limb rotates medially during development)
What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?
- anterior thigh
- medial thigh
- Posterior thigh
What is the function of the anterior thigh compartment?
Flexion of hip
Extension of knee
What is the function of the medial thigh compartment?
Adduction of hip
What is the function of the posterior thigh compartment?
Extension of hip
Flexion of knee
What is the innervation of the anerior thigh?
Femoral nerve (mostly, 1-2 exceptions)
What is the innervation of the medial thigh?
Obturator nerve
What is the innervation of the posterior thigh?
Tibial division of sciatic N. [mostly]
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?
- Iliopsoas
- Sartorius
- Pectineus
- Quadriceps femoris
What two muscles make the iliopsoas?
Iliacus + psoas major
What ligament does the iliopsoas pass under to enter the thigh?
Inguinal ligament
Where does the iliopsoas insert?
lesser trochanter
What is the action of the iliopsoas?
Primary flexor of hip (thigh)
What is the innervation of the iliopsoas?
Anterior rami of L1-3 (psoas major)
Femoral N. (illiacus)
Where does the sartorius originate?
ASIS
Where does the sartorius insert?
Medial tibia
What is the action of the sartorius?
Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh [NOT PRIMARY FUNCTION]
Flexes leg
Where does the pectineus originate?
Superior pubic ramus
Where does the pectineus insert?
Pectineal line of femur
What is the action of the pectineus?
Adducts & flexes thigh, assist in medial rotation
What is the innervation of the pectineus?
-Femoral N
-Obturator N
[dual innervation]
What are the 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris?
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
Where does the quadriceps tendon insert?
Base of patella
Where does the patellar ligament insert?
tibial tuberosity
What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor mangus
- gracilis
- Obturator externus
Where does the adductor longus originate? insert?
O: body of pubis
I: Linea aspera of femur (middle 1/3)
Where does the adductor brevis originate? insert?
O: body & inferior ramus of pubis
I: pectinal line and linea aspera of femur
What are the three parts of the adductor magnus?
- adductor part
- hamstring part
- adductor hiatus
O & I for adductor part of adductor magnus
O: Ischiopubic ramus
I: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, & medial supracondylar line
Innervation of adductor part of adductor magnus?
Obturator N
O & I for hamstring part of adductor magnus
O: Ischial tubersoity
I: Adductor tubercle of femur
Innervation of hamstring part of adductor magnus?
Tibial division of sciatic N.
What is the function of the adductor hiatus?
Transmits femoral A & V from adductor canal into popliteal fossa
Gracilis O, I, & Action
O: Body of pubis
I: Meidal tibia
A: Adduct thigh, flex leg (rotate medially)
Obturator Externus O, I, & Action
O: arises from margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa
Action: laterally rotates thigh, stabilize hip joint
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
- Inguinal Ligament
- Sartorius
- Adductor Longus
What is found in the femoral triangle?
- femoral n & branches
- femoral a & branches
- Femoral v & tributaries
- Lymphatics
NAVL
What is the retro-inguinal space?
Passageway between the abdomen and lower limb
-divided into two compartments (muscular and vascular compartments)
The _____________ _____________ (2 words) is an extension of the transversalis fascia
Femoral Sheath
What are the 3 compartments of the femoral sheath? What is found in each compartment?
- lateral - femoral a
- intermediate - femoral v
- medial (femoral canal) - lymphatics
What is the term for the superior opening of the femoral canal
Femoral ring
Describe a femoral hernia
Herniation of abdominal viscera through femoral ring
T/F A femoral hernia occurs above the inguinal ligament
F - this would be a inguinal hernia
What does the adductor canal contain?
- Femoral A
- Femoral V
- N. to vastus medialis
- Saphenous N
When the femoral a. passes through the popliteal fossa, what happens?
Name change (femoral a. –> popliteal a.)
What are the branches of the deep artery of the thigh?
- Medial circumflex femoral a
- Lateral circumflex femoral a
- Perforating branches (4)
What artery supplies proximal muscles in the medial compartment?
Obturator a
Femoral a./v. catheterization can provide access to what?
Aorta/IVC/Heart
Describe the femoral nerve
L2, 3, 4
-innervates anterior thigh muscles
What is the exception to innervation of teh femoral nerve
psoas major and part of pectineus
Describe the obturator nerve
L2, 3, 4
Divides into ant/post divisions
Innervates medial thigh muscles (NOT hamstring part of adductor magnus)
