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Lower Limb > Posterior Compartment in Leg > Flashcards

Posterior Compartment in Leg Flashcards

0
Q

triceps surae

A
  • gastrocnemius and soleus
  • three-headed
  • elevates heel, depresses forefoot
  • generates 93% plantarflexion force
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1
Q

posterior compartment of leg

A
  • largest of 3 leg compartments
  • plantarflexors
  • transverse intermuscular septum divides posterior compartment into superficial and deep muscles
  • innervated by tibial nerve
  • posterior tibial and fibular vessels
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2
Q

superficial posterior leg muscles

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
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3
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • most superficial muscle
  • inferolateral and inferomedial borders of popliteal fossa
  • capable of acting on both the knee and ankle joints
  • functions most effectively when the knee is extended and is maximally activated when knee extension is combined with dorsiflexion
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4
Q

Soleus

A
  • “workhorse” of plantarflexion
  • has tendinous arch of soleus – popliteal artery and tibial nerve exit the popliteal fossa through this arch, popliteal artery bifurcates into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • palpated on sides of gastrocnemius when standing on tiptoes
  • acts alone when knee is flexed
  • antigravity muscle
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5
Q

Plantaris

A
  • absent in 5-10% of people

- can be removed for grafting (ex: during reconstructive surgery for tendons of hand)

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6
Q

Deep muscles of posterior leg

A
  • popliteus
  • flexsor hallicus longus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • tibialis posterior
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7
Q

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

A

between skin and calcaneal tendon

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8
Q

bursa of calcaneal tendon

A
  • deep

- between calcaneal tendon and calcaneous

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9
Q

Tibial Nerve (L4,L5, and S1-S3)

A
  • larger of two terminal branches of sciatic nerve
  • runs through popliteal fossa with the popliteal artery and vein passing between heads of gastrocnemius
  • supplies all leg muscles in posterior compartment of leg
  • divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves
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10
Q

Sural Nerve

A

a branch of the tibial nerve, the medial sural cutaneous nerve, unites with the communicating branch of the common fibular nerve to form the sural nerve
- this nerve supplies the skin of the lateral and posterior part of the inferior third of the leg and lateral side of the foot

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11
Q

posterior tibial artery

A
  • larger terminal branch of popliteal artery
  • supplies posterior compartment of leg to foot
  • begins at distal border of popliteus, goes deep to tendinous arch of the soleus
  • gives off fibular artery (largest branch)
  • divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries
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12
Q

fibular artery

A
  • gives rise to the nutrient artery of the fibula

- perforating branch pierces interosseous membrane and passes to dorsum of foot

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13
Q

Structures passing posterior to medial malleolus

A

“Tom Dick A Very Nervous Harry”

  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Posterior Tibial Artery
  • Vein
  • Tibial Nerve
  • Flexor Hallicus Longus
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14
Q

Gastrocnemius - Origin

A
  • Lateral Head – lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

- Medial Head – popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

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15
Q

Gastrocnemius - Insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius - Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

17
Q

Gastrocnemius - Action

A
  • plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended
  • raises heel during walking
  • flexes leg at knee joint
18
Q

Soleus - Origin

A
  • posterior aspect of head of fibula
  • superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula
  • soleal line
  • medial border of tibia
19
Q

Soleus - Insertion

A
  • posterior surface of calcaneous via calcaneal tendon
20
Q

Soleus - Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

21
Q

Soleus - Action

A
  • plantarflexes ankle

- steadies leg on foot

22
Q

Plantaris - Origin

A
  • inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur

- oblique popliteal ligament

23
Q

Plantaris - Insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

24
Q

Plantaris - Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1,S2)

25
Q

Plantaris - Action

A

weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle

26
Q

Popliteus - Origin

A
  • lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

- lateral meniscus

27
Q

Popliteus - Insertion

A
  • posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line
28
Q

Popliteus - Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)

29
Q

Popliteus - Action

A
  • weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, or medially rotating tibia of unplanted limb
30
Q

Flexor Hallicus Longus - Origin

A
  • inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula

- inferior part of interosseous membrane

31
Q

FHL - Insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

32
Q

FHL - Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (L2, L3)

33
Q

FHL - Action

A
  • flexes great toe at all joints
  • weakly plantarflexes ankle
  • supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
34
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus - Origin

A
  • medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line by broad tendon to fibula
35
Q

FDL - Insertion

A

bases of distal phalanxes of lateral 4 digits

36
Q

FDL - Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S2, S3)

37
Q

FDL - Action

A
  • flexes lateral four digits
  • plantarflexes ankle
  • supports longitudinal arch of foot
38
Q

Tibialis Posterior - Origin

A
  • interosseous membrane
  • posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
  • posterior surface of fibula
39
Q

Tibialis Posterior - Insertion

A
  • primarily to tuberosity of navicular

- to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

40
Q

Tibialis Posterior - Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (L4, L5)

41
Q

Tibialis Posterior - Action

A
  • plantarflexes ankle
  • inverts foot
  • supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Lower Limb (8 decks)

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