Posterior and Anterior Neck

Question 0

Splenius cervicis

Answer 0

O:SPs of T3-T6
I: TPs of C1-C3
A: extension, lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of neck
N: cervical spinal
A: occipital.

Question 1

Splenius capitus

Answer 1

O: inferior nuchal ligament; SPs of C7-T4
I: mastoid process and lat 1/3 of superior nuchal line
A: extension, lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of neck AND head
N: cervical spinal
A: occipital

Question 2

Rectus capitus posterior minor

Answer 2

Sub occipital

O: posterior tubercle of C1
I: medial 1/2 of inferior nuchal line at occiput
A: extension and protraction of the head at atlanto-occipital
N: suboccipital
A: occipital and vertebral

Question 3

Rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 3

O: SP of C2 (axis)
I: lateral 1/2 of inferior nuchal line (occiput)
A: extension of head at atlanto-occipital joint
N: suboccipital
Art: occipital and vertebral

Question 4

Obliquus capitis inferior

Answer 4

Doesn’t actually meet head

O: SP of C2
I: TP of C1
A: ipsilateral rotation of atlanto-axial jt
N: suboccipital 
A: occipital and vertebral

Question 5

Obliquus capitis superior

Answer 5

O: c1 (TVP)
I: in between nuchal lines
A: protraction and contralateral rotation of head at atlanto occipital jt. 
N: suboccipital
Art: occipital and vertebral

Question 6

Platysma

Answer 6

O: subcutaneous fascia of the pectorals and deltoids
I: mandible and subcutaneous fascia of the lower face
A: draws up the skin of the superior chest and neck; creates ridges of neck; depresses mandible @ TMJ
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
Art: facial artery

Question 7

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 7

O: Sternal head: manubrium
Clavicular head: medial 1/3 clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line of occiput
A: flexion of lower neck @ spinal joints; extension of head and upper neck (C0-C2); lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the head and neck
N: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Art: Occipital and auricular

Question 8

Scalenes

Answer 8

Anterior:
  TPs of C3-C6 (ant. tubercles) --> R1
Middle:
  TPs of C2-C7 (post. tubercles) --> R1
Posterior
  TPs of C5-C7 (post. tubercles) --> R2

Actions:
Anterior and Middle: flexion and lateral flexion of neck at spinal joints; elevation of R1
Posterior: lateral flexion (no regular flexion) of the neck at spinal joints; elevation of R2

Nerve: Cervical spinal (ventral rami)
Arteries:
Anterior: Cervical spinal (ascending)
Middle and Posterior: Cervical spinal (transverse)

Question 9

Rectus Capitis Anterior

Answer 9

O: TP of C1
I: anterior to the foramen magnum on occiput
A: flexion of head @ C0/C1 joint
N: cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Art: vertebral artery

Question 10

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

Answer 10

O: TP of C1
I: Jugular process of occiput
A: lateral flexion of head @ C0/C1 joint
N: Cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Art: vertebral artery.

Question 11

Longus colli (prevertebral)

Answer 11

Superior, inferior obliques and vertical

O: Bodies and TVPs of C3-T3
I: Bodies and TVPs of C1-C6
A: flexion of neck at spinal joints
N: cervical spinal (ventral rami)
Art: Vertebral and inferior thyroid

Question 12

Longus capitis (prevertebral)

Answer 12

O: TVPs of C3-C5
I: anterior to foraman magnum
A: flexion of head and neck at spinal joints
N: cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Art: vertebral and inferior thyroid artery

Question 13

Mylohyloid

Answer 13

O: Inner surface of mandible (mylohyloid line)
I: hyoid
A: elevates the hyoid; depresses mandible; flexion of head and neck
N: trigeminal (CN 5)
Art: inferior alveolar

Question 14

Geniohyoid

Answer 14

O: inner surface of mandible (inferior mental spine)
I: hyoid
A: elevates the hyoid; depresses the mandible; flexion of head and neck at spinal joints
N: hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)
Art: lingual

Question 15

Digastric

Answer 15

O: Posterior: mastoid notch of temporal bone
Anterior: digastric fossa of mandible
I: hyoid bone via central tendon
A: elevates the hyoid; depresses the mandible; flexion of head and neck at spinal joints
N: Anterior: trigeminal (CN5)
Posterior: facial nerve (CN7)
Art: occipital, posterior auricular, and facial

Question 17

Stylohyoid

Answer 17

O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid
A: elevates hyoid
N: facial (CN 7)
Art: occipital, posterior auricular, and facial.

Question 18

Thyrohyoid

Answer 18

O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid
A: depresses the hyoid; flexion of head and neck
N: hypoglossal (CN XII)
Art: superior thyroid

Question 19

Omohyoid

Answer 19

Inferior belly:
superior border of scapula –> clavicle via central tendon
Superior belly:
clavicle via central tendon –> hyoid

A: depresses hyoid; flexion of head and neck
N: cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)
Art: superior thyroid and transverse cervical

Question 20

Sternohyoid

Answer 20

O: sternum (manubrium and medial clavicle)
I: hyoid
A: depresses the hyoid; flexion of head and neck
N: cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)
Art: Superior thyroid

Question 21

Sternothyroid

Answer 21

O: sternum (posterior manubrium and clavicle)
I: thyroid
A: depresses thyroid cartilage; flexion of head and neck
N: cervical plexus (and a cervicalis)
Art: superior thyroid

Question 22

What muscles are in the supra-hyoid group?

Answer 22

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid

Question 23

What muscles comprise the infrahyoid group?

Answer 23

Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

Question 24

What muscles comprise the suboccipitals?

Answer 24

Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliques capitis superior

Question 25

What innervates the prevertebrals?

Answer 25

Cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)

Question 26

What muscle groups are innervated by the cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)

Answer 26

Splenius capitis and cervicis
Scalenes
Prevertebrals