Posterior Abdominal Wall, Kidney & Ureter

Question 1

What is the name of the Fascia that covers the Psoas major muscle and the Iliac muscle?

Answer 1

Fascia Iliaca

Question 2

What is the Origin of Psoas Major?

Answer 2

– Lower aspect of the body of T12
- Ant surface of transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae

Question 3

What are the 5 nerves that emerges underneath the lateral border of the Psoas major?

Answer 3

F - Femoral nerve
I - Ilioinguinal nerve
L - Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
I - Iliohypogastric nerve
S - Subcostal nerve

Question 4

Which nerve emerges below the iliac crest and runs down in the groove between the psoas and iliacus muscles?

Answer 4

Femoral nerve

Question 5

What are the three important structures lying on the medial side of Psoas major ?

Answer 5

L - Lumbosacral trunk
I - Iliolumbar arter
O - Obturator nerve

Question 6

What are the structures found in the Lumbosacral triangle of Marcille?

Answer 6

L- Lumbosacral trunk.
I- Iliolumbar artery
O- Obturator nerve.
S- Sympathetic trunk

Question 7

What is the Origin for the Quadratus Lumborum?

Answer 7

(a) Posterior one-third of the inner lip of the iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament.

(b) Lower two to four transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.

Question 8

What is the Insertion of the Quadratus Lomborum ?

Answer 8

Medial half of lower border of 12th rib.

Question 9

What are the Anterior relations for the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 9

1. Pancreas and splenic vein.
2. Left renal vein.
3. Third part of the duodenum.
4. Root of the mesentery.
5. Coils of the small intestine separated by parietal peritoneum.

Question 9

What are the Posterior relations to the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 9

1. Bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrae and intervening intervertebral discs.
2. Anterior longitudinal ligament.
3. Third and fourth left lumbar veins.

Question 10

What are the structures that come through the Hilum of the Kidney?

Answer 10

• Renal vein
• Renal artery
• Renal Pelvis
• Subsidiary branch of renal artery .

Question 11

Fill in the blanks . ‘ The left kidney presents an anterior elevation known as ________.”

Answer 11

Renal dromidary

Question 12

Describe the surfaces of the Kidney .

Answer 12

1. The anterior surface is convex and faces anterolaterally.
2. The posterior surface is flat and faces posteromedially.

Question 13

What are the contents of the Renal sinus?

Answer 13

• Major calices and pelvis of the ureter.
• Segmental arteries and veins.
• Lymphatics and lymph nodes.
• Autonomic nerves
• Fat and areolar tissue

Question 14

What are the Anterior relations of the Right kidney?

Answer 14

• Right suprarenal gland
• Right lobe of Liver
• Second part of duodenum
• Hepatic ( right colic ) flexure
• Jejunum

Question 15

What are the Anterior relations of the Left kidney ?

Answer 15

Left suprarenal gland
Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas and splenic vessels
Left colic flexure
Jejunum

Question 16

At what levels are the constrictions of the ureter?

Answer 16

1. At the pelviureteric junction where the renal pelvis joins the upper end of ureter.
   It is the upper most constriction, found approximately 5 cm away from the hilum of kidney.
2. At the pelvic brim where it crosses the common iliac artery.
3. At the uretero-vesical junction (i.e., where ureter enters into the bladder).

Question 17

What is the arterial supply for the ureters?

Answer 17

R- Renal artery
U - Uterine artery
M- Middle rectal artery
V - Vesical ( Superior & Inferior)
I - Internal Iliac
T - Testicular or Ovarian
D - Direct branches of aorta

” Rum Vit C D but not C”

Question 18

What is the lymph drainage of the Ureter?

Answer 18

Lateral- aortic & Iliac nodes

Question 19

What is the Nerve supply of the ureter ?

Answer 19

1. The sympathetic supply of the ureter is derived from T12–L1 spinal segments through renal, aortic, and hypogastric plexuses.
2. The parasympathetic supply of ureter is derived from S2–S4 spinal segments through pelvic splanchnic nerves.